Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Symptoms, Causes, and Overview
What is SIBO?
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition where there is an abnormal increase in the number and/or type of bacteria in the small intestine. Normally, the small intestine contains relatively few bacteria compared to the large intestine. In SIBO, excess bacteria in the small bowel disrupt normal digestion and nutrient absorption.
Causes of SIBO
- Impaired Motility: Conditions that slow the passage of food and waste through the digestive tract, such as gastroparesis, diabetes, or scleroderma.
- Structural Abnormalities: Surgical alterations, strictures, diverticula, or adhesions creating blind loops that nurture bacterial overgrowth.
- Immune Dysfunction: Altered immunity that affects normal gut flora balance.
- Other Associated Conditions: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, chronic pancreatitis, and celiac disease can predispose to SIBO.
Symptoms of SIBO
- Bloating and abdominal distension
- Excessive gas and flatulence
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Unintentional weight loss
- Nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin B12 malabsorption
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea
- Foul-smelling, oily, or floating stools due to fat malabsorption
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed by breath tests measuring hydrogen or methane, or by direct aspiration and culture in rare cases.
- Treatment includes antibiotics to reduce bacterial overgrowth, dietary modifications (e.g., low FODMAP diet), and addressing underlying causes.
- Prokinetics may be used to improve gut motility.
- Nutritional supplementation for deficiencies is often necessary.
Summary
SIBO is a clinically significant disorder resulting in digestive symptoms and malabsorption due to excessive bacteria in the small intestine. Early recognition and appropriate management are key to improving patient outcomes.
Consult with Our Team of Experts Now!
For a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan using Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for SIBO and associated digestive symptoms, consult with our gastroenterology specialists.
References:
Gibson PR, Keating DP. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2025;54(2):341-359. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2025.02.004. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2025.02.004
