Manganese(Mn)

Manganese(Mn)

Definition: Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense. It is involved in the functioning of several enzymes and is necessary for the proper development and functioning of the brain and nervous system.

Importance of Manganese(Mn)

• Enzyme Function: Manganese serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes, including those involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid synthesis, and antioxidant defense (e.g., superoxide dismutase).
• Bone Health: It contributes to bone formation and maintenance by aiding in the synthesis of bone matrix proteins.
• Antioxidant Activity: Manganese is crucial for the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an important antioxidant enzyme that helps protect cells from oxidative stress.
• Metabolism: It plays a role in the metabolism of amino acids, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Dietary Sources

Manganese can be found in various foods, including:

• Nuts and Seeds: Particularly hazelnuts, pecans, and sunflower seeds.
• Whole Grains: Brown rice, oats, and whole wheat products are good sources.
• Legumes: Beans and lentils provide significant amounts.
• Leafy Green Vegetables: Spinach and kale contain manganese.
• Tea: Both black and green tea are notable sources.

Deficiency and Toxicity

• Deficiency: Manganese deficiency is rare but can occur in individuals with poor dietary intake or certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, reproductive issues, and altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
• Toxicity: Excessive manganese intake, often from environmental exposure or supplements, can lead to toxicity (manganism), which may cause neurological symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease. Symptoms can include tremors, difficulty walking, and mood changes.

Conclusion

Manganese is an essential mineral important for various bodily functions, including enzyme activity, bone health, and antioxidant defense. A balanced diet that includes manganese-rich foods is vital for maintaining optimal health.

References

1. National Institutes of Health. “Manganese – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.” Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-HealthProfessional/
2. Aschner M, et al. “Manganese: A New Perspective on Its Role in Human Health.” Journal of Nutrition. 2007; 137(4): 1131S-1135S. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.1131S
3. Hennigar AW, et al. “Dietary manganese deficiency alters bone metabolism in growing rats.” Journal of Nutrition. 2015; 145(5): 1021-1027. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.206115