Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)
Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA): Understanding the Condition
Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA) is a degenerative condition characterized by the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced function23. It is the most common form of arthritis in the knee, often resulting from age-related wear and tear, though injuries or other factors can also contribute12. While there is no cure, various treatments can manage symptoms and slow the condition’s progression23.
Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis
The primary symptoms of knee OA include23:
- Pain: Often described as a dull ache that worsens over time, though sharp pain is also possible2. Pain may increase with activity, especially high-impact exercise, and can be more noticeable on cold, rainy days23.
- Stiffness: Typically occurs in the morning or after periods of rest, usually lasting less than 30 minutes1.
- Swelling: May occur around the knee joint3.
- Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee fully1.
- Clicking or Grinding Sensations: Noises or rough sensations when moving the knee23.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of knee OA is the wearing down of cartilage over time23. Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing knee OA include24:
- Age: The risk increases with age, as cartilage naturally deteriorates over time45.
- Weight: Being overweight places more stress on the knee joints5.
- Sex: Women are more likely to develop knee OA5.
- Genetics: A family history of knee OA increases the risk5.
- Previous Injuries: Knee injuries, such as sports injuries, can damage cartilage and lead to OA later in life2.
- Occupation/Activity: Manual labor or repetitive knee stress may increase risk5.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of knee OA typically involves36:
- Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will assess your knee’s range of motion, stability, and signs of swelling or tenderness6.
- Symptom Review: Discussing the nature and progression of your knee pain with your healthcare provider6.
- X-rays: These can reveal evidence of cartilage loss, bone spurs, and joint space narrowing36.
- MRI or CT Scans: In some instances, these may be needed to look more closely at tissues in your joint36.
Treatment
While knee OA cannot be reversed, treatments aim to manage symptoms, improve function, and slow progression23. Treatment approaches include36:
- Lifestyle Modifications:
- Physical Therapy: Customized exercise programs can improve strength, flexibility, and range of motion15. Techniques like ultrasound therapy and laser treatment may also be used1.
- Medications:
- Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications can help manage pain6.
- Injections:
- Corticosteroid Injections: Can reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief6.
- Assistive Devices: Braces or supports can help stabilize the knee and reduce pain5.
- Surgery:
- Joint Replacement: In severe cases, surgery to replace the damaged knee joint with an artificial one may be necessary6.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to managing symptoms and slowing the progression of knee OA6.
