Iodine (I)

Iodine (I)

Definition: Iodine (I) is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a vital nutrient for human health, primarily known for its role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Importance of Iodine

• Thyroid Hormone Production:

• Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

• Metabolism Regulation:

• Adequate iodine levels are crucial for maintaining a healthy metabolic rate and energy production in the body.

• Developmental Health:

• Iodine is particularly important during pregnancy and early childhood for proper brain development and cognitive function.

Sources of Iodine

• Dietary Sources:
• Seafood: Fish and seaweed are rich sources of iodine.
• Dairy Products: Milk, yogurt, and cheese contain iodine.
• Iodized Salt: Table salt is often fortified with iodine to prevent deficiencies.
• Fruits and Vegetables: The iodine content can vary based on soil levels where they are grown.

Iodine Deficiency

• Health Consequences:
• A deficiency in iodine can lead to goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), hypothyroidism, and developmental issues in children.
• Severe deficiency during pregnancy can result in intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in infants.

Recommended Daily Intake

• The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iodine varies by age, sex, and life stage:
• Adults: Approximately 150 micrograms per day.
• Pregnant Women: About 220 micrograms per day.
• Breastfeeding Women: Around 290 micrograms per day.

Conclusion

Iodine is an essential nutrient necessary for the production of thyroid hormones and overall health. Ensuring adequate iodine intake through diet or supplementation is crucial for preventing deficiency-related health issues.

References

1. World Health Organization. “Iodine Status Worldwide.” WHO; 2004.
2. Delange F. “Iodine deficiency.” The Lancet. 2001; 357(9262): 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03658-0
3. Leung AM, et al. “Iodine nutrition in pregnant women.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2011; 96(8): 2495-2500. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0362