Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)
Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Gum disease (Periodontal Disease), also known as periodontal disease, is a common condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth. It progresses from mild gingivitis to more severe periodontitis if left untreated.
Causes of Gum Disease
Gum disease primarily results from poor oral hygiene:
- Plaque and Tartar: Bacteria in plaque and tartar cause inflammation and infection.
- Risk Factors: Smoking, poor nutrition (e.g., low vitamin C), hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions like diabetes increase susceptibility.
Symptoms of Gum Disease
Symptoms vary depending on the stage:
- Gingivitis:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing.
- Swollen, red gums.
- Bad breath.
- Periodontitis:
- Loose teeth.
- Deep pockets between teeth and gums.
- Receding gums.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis involves:
- Dental Examination: Checking for signs of inflammation and pocket depth.
- X-rays: To assess bone loss.
Treatment options include:
- Professional Cleaning: Scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar.
- Antibiotics: For infections.
- Surgical Interventions: For advanced cases, such as gum grafts or bone regeneration.
Prevention
Preventing gum disease involves:
- Regular Brushing and Flossing: Maintaining good oral hygiene.
- Dental Check-ups: Regular visits for professional cleaning and early detection.
- Healthy Diet: Consuming foods rich in vitamin C and other essential nutrients.
Conclusion
Gum disease is preventable and treatable but requires early intervention to avoid severe complications like tooth loss. Regular dental care and good oral hygiene practices are crucial for maintaining healthy gums.
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