Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Definition: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive processes in both males and females.

Functions of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

• In Females:

• Ovarian Follicle Development: FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the production of eggs (oocytes).
• Estrogen Production: It promotes the secretion of estrogen from the developing follicles, which is essential for regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterine lining for potential implantation.

• In Males:

• Spermatogenesis: FSH stimulates Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production and maturation, playing a vital role in male fertility.

Regulation of FSH Secretion

• Hormonal Control: FSH secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH.
• Feedback Mechanism: Estrogen and inhibin (produced by the ovaries) exert negative feedback on FSH production in females, while testosterone provides feedback in males.

Clinical Relevance

• Infertility: Abnormal levels of FSH can indicate issues with ovarian function in women or spermatogenesis in men, potentially leading to fertility problems.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS may have elevated FSH levels due to disrupted hormonal regulation.
• FSH Testing: Blood tests measuring FSH levels are commonly used to assess reproductive health, diagnose conditions such as hypogonadism, and evaluate ovarian reserve.

Conclusion

Follicle-stimulating hormone is essential for reproductive health, influencing both ovarian function in females and sperm production in males. Understanding its functions and regulation is crucial for diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders.

References

1. Melmed S, et al. “The Pituitary.” 4th ed. Elsevier; 2016.
2. Rosenfield RL. “Clinical review: The polycystic ovary syndrome.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000; 85(5): 1997-2006. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.5.6612
3. Finkelstein JW, et al. “Follicle-stimulating hormone: physiology and clinical significance.” Endocrine Reviews. 1990; 11(3): 291-307. DOI: 10.1210/edrv-11-3-291