Copper(Cu)

Copper(Cu)

Definition: Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological processes in the human body. It is involved in the formation of red blood cells, the maintenance of nerve cells, and the immune system‘s function.

Importance of Copper(Cu)

• Enzyme Function: Copper acts as a cofactor for several important enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase (involved in energy production) and superoxide dismutase (an antioxidant enzyme that helps protect cells from damage).
• Iron Metabolism: It is crucial for iron absorption and utilization, helping to prevent anemia.
• Connective Tissue Formation: Copper contributes to the synthesis of collagen and elastin, which are essential for the structural integrity of connective tissues.
• Neurological Health: Adequate copper levels are important for maintaining healthy brain function and may play a role in neuroprotection.

Dietary Sources

Copper can be found in a variety of foods, including:

• Shellfish: Oysters and other shellfish are among the richest sources.
• Nuts and Seeds: Particularly cashews and sunflower seeds.
• Whole Grains: Such as quinoa and barley.
• Legumes: Beans and lentils provide good amounts of copper.
• Dark Chocolate: Contains significant levels of copper.

Deficiency and Toxicity

• Deficiency: Copper deficiency can lead to anemia, bone abnormalities, and impaired immune function. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues.
• Toxicity: Excessive copper intake can lead to toxicity, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and liver damage. Conditions like Wilson’s disease cause copper accumulation in the body, leading to serious health issues.

Conclusion

Copper(CU) is an essential trace mineral critical for numerous bodily functions, including enzyme activity, iron metabolism, and connective tissue formation. A balanced diet that includes copper-rich foods is important for maintaining optimal health.

References

1. National Institutes of Health. “Copper – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.” Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/
2. Linder MC. “Copper biochemistry and its role in human health.” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 1991; 2(7): 363-373. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(91)90082-T
3. Klevay LM. “Copper deficiency and cardiovascular disease.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998; 67(5): 1010S-1013S. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.5.1010S