Antioxidant

Antioxidant

Definition: Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. They play a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, which can lead to cellular damage and contribute to various diseases, including blood cancer, solid organ tumor, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Importance of Antioxidants

• Cellular Protection: Antioxidants help prevent damage to important cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids by neutralizing ROS.
• Disease Prevention: By reducing oxidative stress, antioxidants may lower the risk of chronic diseases and promote overall health.
• Immune Function: Antioxidants support the immune system by protecting immune cells from oxidative damage, enhancing their ability to fight infections.

Sources of Antioxidants

Antioxidants can be obtained from various dietary sources, including:

• Fruits and Vegetables: Berries, citrus fruits, spinach, and carrots are rich in vitamins C and E, flavonoids, and carotenoids.
• Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, walnuts, and sunflower seeds contain vitamin E and other antioxidant compounds.
• Whole Grains: Foods like oats and brown rice provide antioxidants such as selenium and phenolic acids.
• Beverages: Green tea and coffee are known for their high levels of polyphenols, which exhibit strong antioxidant properties.

Types of Antioxidants

1. Enzymatic Antioxidants: These include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which are produced by the body to neutralize ROS.
2. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants: These include vitamins (such as vitamin C and E), minerals (like selenium), and phytochemicals (such as flavonoids) found in various foods.

Conclusion

Antioxidants are essential for maintaining cellular health by combating oxidative stress. A diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods can contribute to better health outcomes and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

References

1. Sies H. Oxidative Stress: A Concept in Redox Biology and Medicine. Redox Biology. 2015; 4: 180-183. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.001
2. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2015. Available from: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/free-radicals-in-biology-and-medicine-9780198717480
3. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Ruzicka R. Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Normal Physiological Functions and Human Disease. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2007; 39(1): 44-84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001