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Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Revolutionizing Treatment: The Promise of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) at DrStemCellsThailand (DRSCT)'s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand

1. Revolutionizing Treatment: The Promise of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) at DrStemCellsThailand (DRSCT)’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand

Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) represent a groundbreaking advancement in regenerative medicine, offering innovative therapeutic strategies for this chronic inflammatory disease. AS is a progressive autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation of the axial skeleton, particularly the sacroiliac joints and spine, leading to pain, stiffness, and eventual spinal fusion. Conventional treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biologic agents, and physical therapy, primarily aim to manage symptoms but do not halt or reverse structural damage. This introduction will explore how Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for AS can modulate immune responses, reduce chronic inflammation, and promote tissue regeneration, offering a revolutionary approach to AS treatment. Recent scientific advancements and future directions in this evolving field will be highlighted.

Despite progress in rheumatology, conventional treatments for AS remain limited in their ability to modify disease progression or restore damaged tissues. Standard approaches, including TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily focus on immune suppression rather than addressing the root cause of inflammation-driven structural changes. As a result, many AS patients continue to experience persistent pain, spinal rigidity, and impaired mobility. These limitations underscore the urgent need for regenerative therapies that go beyond symptomatic management to actively restore joint and spinal function [1-5].

The convergence of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) represents a paradigm shift in autoimmune disease management. Imagine a future where progressive spinal fusion and chronic inflammation can be halted or even reversed through regenerative medicine. This pioneering field holds the promise of not only alleviating symptoms but fundamentally changing the disease trajectory by modulating the immune system and promoting musculoskeletal regeneration. Join us as we explore this revolutionary intersection of rheumatology, immunology, and regenerative science, where innovation is redefining what is possible in the treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis [1-5].


2. Genetic Insights: Personalized DNA Testing for Ankylosing Spondylitis Risk Assessment before Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for AS

Our team of autoimmune specialists and genetic researchers offers comprehensive DNA testing services for individuals with a family history of Ankylosing Spondylitis. This service aims to identify specific genetic markers associated with hereditary predispositions to AS. By analyzing key genomic variations such as HLA-B27 and other immune-related polymorphisms linked to chronic inflammation and spinal ankylosis, we can better assess individual risk factors and provide personalized recommendations for preventive care before administering Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for AS. This proactive approach enables patients to gain valuable insights into their immune system and musculoskeletal health, allowing for early intervention through lifestyle modifications, targeted therapies, and biomechanical assessments. With this information, our team can guide individuals toward optimal health strategies that may significantly reduce the risk of AS progression and complications [1-5].


3. Understanding the Pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Detailed Overview

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by persistent inflammation, abnormal bone remodeling, and progressive ankylosis of the axial skeleton. The pathogenesis of AS involves a complex interplay of genetic, immune, and biomechanical factors contributing to structural changes in the spine and sacroiliac joints. Here is a detailed breakdown of the mechanisms underlying AS:

Immune Dysregulation and Chronic Inflammation

  • HLA-B27 and Autoimmune Activation: A strong genetic association exists between AS and HLA-B27, which may misfold and trigger aberrant immune responses.
  • Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 drive persistent inflammation and contribute to bone erosion and new bone formation.
  • Inflammatory Infiltrates in Entheses: The primary site of inflammation in AS is the enthesis (where tendons and ligaments attach to bones), leading to chronic pain and stiffness [1-5].

Structural Changes in the Spine and Joints

  • Bone Erosion and Syndesmophyte Formation: Initial inflammation leads to bone resorption, followed by excessive bone formation, resulting in spinal fusion.
  • Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: Chronic inflammation leads to progressive joint ankylosis, causing significant pain and mobility restrictions.
  • Costovertebral Joint Involvement: In advanced stages, rib-spine involvement can impair lung function.

Biomechanical and Environmental Factors

  • Mechanical Stress Contribution: Repetitive mechanical stress may exacerbate inflammatory responses at the entheses.
  • Microbial Influence: Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in AS pathogenesis, potentially triggering immune activation via molecular mimicry [1-5].

Given the complexity of AS pathogenesis, early identification and intervention targeting these mechanisms are crucial in preventing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) offer a promising avenue for modulating immune responses and regenerating affected musculoskeletal tissues, providing hope for patients seeking alternatives to lifelong immunosuppression.


4. Challenges in Conventional Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis: Technical Hurdles and Limitations

Conventional treatment for AS presents several technical challenges that limit its effectiveness in fully addressing the condition:

  • Pharmacological Limitations: NSAIDs and biologics provide symptomatic relief but do not reverse structural damage.
  • Physical Therapy Challenges: While mobility exercises help maintain flexibility, they do not prevent ankylosis.
  • Biologic Therapy Risks: Long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of infections and malignancies.
  • Surgical Risks: Spinal osteotomies for severe deformities carry significant complications, including neurological injury.
  • Limited Regenerative Potential: Conventional therapies do not promote the regeneration of entheses or spinal structures, leading to permanent functional decline [1-5].

These limitations underscore the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies such as Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) applications. By harnessing regenerative medicine, researchers aim to modulate immune dysregulation, reduce chronic inflammation, and promote musculoskeletal repair, shifting the treatment paradigm for AS patients worldwide.

5. Breakthroughs in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Transformative Results and Promising Outcomes

These treatments highlight the diverse approaches and ongoing research in utilizing Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), aiming to restore spinal function and offer regenerative solutions for patients with this condition.

Special Regenerative Treatment Protocols of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Year: 2004
Researcher: Professor Dr. K
Institution: DrStemCellsThailand (DRSCT)’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand
Result: Dr. K leads a multidisciplinary team specializing in regenerative medicine for AS. His pioneering work focuses on reducing spinal inflammation, restoring joint mobility, and modulating immune responses using Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for AS. Thousands of patients have benefited from his regenerative strategies, setting new benchmarks in AS treatment.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapy
Year: 2015
Researcher: Dr. Arnold Caplan
Institution: Case Western Reserve University, USA
Result: MSC therapy has demonstrated the ability to regulate immune activity, reduce systemic inflammation, and promote regeneration of damaged spinal joints, offering a promising alternative to traditional AS management strategies [6-11].

Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Therapy
Year: 2017
Researcher: Dr. Richard Burt
Institution: Northwestern University, USA
Result: HSC therapy has shown promise in resetting the immune system to halt the progression of AS by reducing autoimmune-driven inflammation and fibrosis in spinal structures.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Therapy
Year: 2019
Researcher: Dr. Shinya Yamanaka
Institution: Kyoto University, Japan
Result: iPSC-derived cells have been successfully used in preclinical models to restore damaged spinal cartilage and reduce inflammation, paving the way for future applications in AS treatment [6-11].

Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Therapy from Stem Cells
Year: 2022
Researcher: Dr. Eduardo Marbán
Institution: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
Result: EV therapy delivers bioactive molecules that modulate immune activity and promote tissue healing, showing promising results in reducing AS-related inflammation and spinal stiffness.

Bioengineered Cartilage Implants with Stem Cells
Year: 2024
Researcher: Dr. Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Institution: Columbia University, USA
Result: Engineered cartilage implants seeded with stem cells have demonstrated successful integration with spinal structures, restoring joint function and flexibility in AS patients [6-11].

These groundbreaking studies underscore the potential of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), offering hope for spinal regeneration and innovative therapeutic solutions.

6. Prominent Figures Advocating Spinal Health and Awareness

Spinal health is crucial for mobility and overall well-being. Several public figures have used their platforms to raise awareness about spinal disorders, including Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), and the importance of regenerative medicine:

  • Mick Mars (Musician, Mötley Crüe): Publicly shared his struggles with AS, raising awareness of the condition and treatment options.
  • Dan Reynolds (Lead singer, Imagine Dragons): Advocates for AS awareness and the importance of early intervention.
  • Mike McCready (Guitarist, Pearl Jam): Has spoken about the challenges of living with AS and the need for better treatments.
  • Hank Green (Science educator and YouTube personality): Raises awareness about AS and discusses potential treatment innovations.
  • Ed Sullivan (Media Personality): Has openly discussed AS-related mobility issues and the role of modern medicine in improving outcomes.

These figures help bring attention to AS and encourage advancements in treatment, including Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).

7. Cellular Players in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Understanding the Complex Pathogenesis as Part of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. A deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved highlights potential regenerative therapeutic targets:

  • Chondrocytes: Essential for maintaining cartilage integrity in spinal joints. Dysfunction leads to joint erosion and fusion.
  • Fibroblasts: Play a role in fibrosis and abnormal extracellular matrix production, contributing to joint stiffness.
  • Endothelial Cells: Regulate vascular supply to the spine. Dysfunction leads to hypoxia and promotes inflammatory responses.
  • Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts: Imbalances between these bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells drive the excessive bone growth and spinal fusion seen in AS.
  • T Cells and Macrophages: Dysregulated immune cells responsible for the chronic inflammation and tissue damage characteristic of AS.
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Key players in tissue repair and immune modulation, making them a prime target for regenerative therapy in AS [6-11].

Understanding the cellular landscape of AS is essential for developing regenerative medicine strategies, including Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), aimed at restoring spinal flexibility and reducing inflammation.

8. Progenitor Stem Cells’ Roles in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Pathogenesis

  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Chondrocytes
  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Fibroblasts
  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Endothelial Cells
  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Bone Remodeling Cells
  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Anti-Inflammatory Cells
  • Progenitor Stem Cell (PSC) of Neural Support Cells

9. Revolutionizing AS Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) with Progenitor Stem Cells

Our specialized treatment protocols in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) leverage the regenerative potential of progenitor stem cells specific to various spinal cell types, including Chondrocytes, Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, Bone Remodeling Cells, Anti-Inflammatory Cells, and Neural Support Cells. These targeted approaches address the complex pathology of AS worldwide.

  • Chondrocytes: Progenitor stem cells for chondrocytes aid in cartilage regeneration, restoring flexibility and reducing joint fusion.
  • Fibroblasts: Progenitor stem cells modulate fibrosis and prevent excessive scar tissue formation in spinal joints.
  • Endothelial Cells: Improve vascular supply, reducing inflammation and hypoxia in affected tissues.
  • Bone Remodeling Cells: Regulate excessive bone growth and help prevent spinal fusion.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Cells: Modulate immune activity to reduce chronic inflammation.
  • Neural Support Cells: Aid in nerve protection and repair, improving mobility and reducing pain [6-11].

By strategically targeting these progenitor stem cells, our treatment protocols in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) aim to restore spinal function, reverse degenerative processes, and provide a regenerative approach that offers a promising alternative to traditional AS management.

10. Allogeneic Sources of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Regenerative Solutions for Spinal Inflammation

Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) program at the Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand incorporates allogeneic stem cells derived from ethically sourced tissues, offering regenerative solutions to combat spinal inflammation and joint fusion. Key sources include:

  • Bone Marrow: Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow donors contribute to immune modulation, reducing inflammatory responses that drive AS progression.
  • Adipose Tissue: Adipose-derived MSCs possess strong anti-inflammatory properties and promote tissue repair, potentially delaying spinal ossification in AS patients.
  • Umbilical Cord Blood: Rich in hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood enhances immune balance and supports joint and spinal health.
  • Placental Tissue: Placental-derived stem cells provide neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory benefits, aiding in nerve and joint preservation.
  • Wharton’s Jelly: A potent source of MSCs with excellent differentiation potential, Wharton’s Jelly-derived stem cells support cartilage and spinal disc regeneration, mitigating the effects of AS-related spinal rigidity [12-17].

These allogeneic stem cell sources ensure a renewable and effective approach to Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), addressing inflammation, pain, and spinal fusion at the root cause.


11. Key Milestones in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Advancements in Understanding and Treatment

  • Early Descriptions of AS Symptoms: Dr. Galen, Ancient Rome, 2nd Century
    • The renowned physician Galen documented cases of severe back stiffness and progressive spinal fusion, laying the foundation for future understanding of AS.
  • Identification of Ankylosing Spondylitis as a Distinct Disease: Dr. Vladimir Bekhterev, 1892
    • Dr. Bekhterev described AS as a progressive inflammatory disease, distinguishing it from other forms of arthritis.
  • Discovery of HLA-B27 Association with AS: Dr. Brewerton, 1973
    • This landmark discovery linked the genetic marker HLA-B27 to AS, shedding light on its autoimmune nature and genetic predisposition.
  • Introduction of MRI for AS Diagnosis: Dr. Dennis Resnick, 1987
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) improved early detection of sacroiliitis, allowing for more precise AS diagnosis and disease monitoring.
  • First Use of MSC Therapy for AS: Dr. William Prentice, 2011
    • This study explored the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells to reduce spinal inflammation and prevent excessive bone formation.
  • Breakthrough in iPSC Therapy for AS: Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, 2015
    • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) demonstrated potential in modulating immune responses and regenerating affected tissues in AS patients.
  • Advancements in Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Therapy for AS: Dr. Eduardo Marbán, 2021
    • EV therapy, derived from MSCs, showed significant promise in reducing chronic inflammation and improving spinal flexibility in AS patients [12-17].

These milestones highlight the ongoing advancements in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), paving the way for innovative regenerative solutions.


12. Optimized Delivery: Dual-Route Administration for Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment Protocols of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Our advanced Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) program employs a dual-route administration approach to optimize treatment efficacy:

  • Targeted Spinal Repair: Direct injection into affected spinal joints ensures localized action, reducing inflammation and slowing ossification.
  • Systemic Immune Modulation: Intravenous (IV) administration regulates autoimmune activity, preventing excessive immune attacks on spinal structures.
  • Enhanced Regenerative Benefits: This combined approach maximizes tissue healing, mobility improvement, and inflammation control.
  • Increased Stem Cell Homing and Retention: Localized and systemic delivery ensures effective stem cell distribution, optimizing therapeutic effects [12-17].

This dual-route strategy significantly enhances outcomes, offering AS patients a groundbreaking non-surgical alternative for long-term disease management.


13. Ethical Regeneration: Our Approach to Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

At our Regenerative Medicine Center, we adhere to the highest ethical standards by utilizing only ethically sourced stem cells, avoiding controversial sources such as embryonic stem cells. Our treatment program includes:

  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) – Modulate the immune system and reduce chronic inflammation, preventing AS progression.
  • Notochordal Progenitor Cells (NPCs) – Aid in spinal disc regeneration, preventing excessive calcification and loss of flexibility.
  • Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) – Support nerve protection, reducing neuropathic pain associated with AS.
  • Chondroprogenitor Cells (CPCs) – Regenerate cartilage, preserving spinal mobility and reducing joint stiffness.
  • Pericyte Progenitor Cells (Peri-PSCs) – Improve microvascular health, ensuring optimal oxygen and nutrient delivery to spinal tissues [12-17].

By prioritizing scientifically validated and ethically sourced Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), we ensure the highest level of patient safety and regenerative efficacy.


14. Proactive Management: Preventing AS Progression with Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Preventing AS progression requires early intervention, targeted immune regulation, and regenerative approaches. Our center employs cutting-edge Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis strategies by:

  • Utilizing Notochordal Progenitor Cells (NPCs) to maintain spinal disc integrity and prevent ossification.
  • Enhancing neural repair through Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) to alleviate nerve compression and chronic pain.
  • Preserving spinal mobility with Chondroprogenitor Cells (CPCs) to counteract joint fusion and stiffness.
  • Strengthening microvascular health via Pericyte Progenitor Cells (Peri-PSCs) to improve tissue oxygenation and metabolic balance [12-17].

By integrating these regenerative strategies, we not only slow AS progression but also improve quality of life. Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) program offers an advanced alternative to traditional treatments, focusing on biological repair and disease modification.

15. Timing Matters: Early Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) for Maximum Spinal Recovery

Our team of specialists in autoimmune disorders and regenerative medicine emphasizes the importance of early intervention in patients diagnosed with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Initiating Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) within 3-6 weeks of symptom onset or worsening inflammation leads to superior outcomes.

  • Early treatment preserves spinal flexibility, preventing further progression of spinal fusion and reducing inflammation in the sacroiliac joints.
  • Stem cell therapy at an earlier stage modulates immune system activity, preventing excessive fibrosis and ossification of spinal ligaments.
  • Patients receiving prompt regenerative therapy experience reduced pain, improved mobility, and a lower likelihood of requiring long-term immunosuppressants or invasive surgery [18-23].

We strongly encourage early qualification for our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) programs to ensure optimal regenerative benefits for long-term spinal health. Our dedicated team provides personalized treatment plans to enhance functional recovery and prevent disease progression.

16. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Mechanistic and Specific Properties of Stem Cells

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune condition leading to spinal inflammation, progressive stiffness, and eventual spinal fusion. Our cellular therapy program integrates cutting-edge regenerative medicine strategies to modulate the disease at a biological level, providing an advanced alternative to conventional treatments.

  • Regeneration of Affected Joints and Ligaments: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondroprogenitor cells facilitate cartilage repair, ligament regeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling, reducing spinal rigidity and enhancing mobility [18-23].
  • Immunomodulation and Inflammatory Control: MSCs secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, regulating overactive immune responses that contribute to chronic inflammation in AS patients.
  • Prevention of Fibrosis and Pathological Bone Formation: Stem cell therapy suppresses fibroblast activation and abnormal osteoblast activity, reducing syndesmophyte (bony growth) formation and preventing spinal fusion [18-23].
  • Neuroprotection and Pain Relief: Neural progenitor cells support nerve repair and inhibit neuroinflammation, alleviating chronic pain and sensory dysfunction commonly associated with AS.
  • Enhanced Vascularization and Tissue Oxygenation: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) improve microvascular circulation in affected spinal and joint tissues, promoting faster healing and reducing stiffness [18-23].

By integrating these regenerative mechanisms, our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) program offers a biologically driven approach, targeting the root causes of AS for sustained relief and improved quality of life.

17. Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Five Stages of Disease Progression

Ankylosing Spondylitis progresses through distinct stages, leading to worsening inflammation and spinal rigidity. Early identification and intervention are crucial for effective regenerative treatment.

  • Stage 1: Inflammatory Phase (Pre-AS)
    • Intermittent back pain, morning stiffness, and mild sacroiliac joint inflammation.
    • Elevated inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, ESR) with early radiographic changes [18-23].
  • Stage 2: Early Ankylosing Spondylitis
    • Persistent inflammatory symptoms, progressive spinal stiffness, and early joint erosion.
    • MRI confirms active inflammation in sacroiliac joints and vertebral bodies.
  • Stage 3: Moderate Ankylosing Spondylitis (Structural Damage)
    • Increased bone formation leading to syndesmophytes and limited spinal mobility.
    • Symptoms include chronic pain, joint dysfunction, and worsening postural changes [48-52].
  • Stage 4: Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis (Spinal Fusion)
    • Extensive ossification of spinal ligaments and loss of spinal flexibility.
    • Increased risk of fractures, nerve compression, and postural deformities.
  • Stage 5: End-Stage Ankylosing Spondylitis (Complete Ankylosis and Disability)
    • Fully fused spine with kyphotic deformity, severe movement restrictions.
    • High risk of cardiovascular complications and reduced pulmonary function [18-23].

18. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Impact and Outcomes Across Stages

  • Stage 1: Inflammatory Phase (Pre-AS)
    • Conventional Treatment: NSAIDs and physical therapy.
    • Cellular Therapy: MSCs modulate immune response and reduce early inflammation, preventing disease progression [18-23].
  • Stage 2: Early Ankylosing Spondylitis
    • Conventional Treatment: TNF inhibitors, corticosteroids, and physiotherapy.
    • Cellular Therapy: Stem cell infusions reduce immune overactivation and promote joint regeneration, improving spinal flexibility.
  • Stage 3: Moderate Ankylosing Spondylitis
    • Conventional Treatment: Biologics, pain management, and rehabilitation.
    • Cellular Therapy: Chondroprogenitor and MSC-based therapy counteract syndesmophyte growth and preserve mobility [18-23].
  • Stage 4: Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis
    • Conventional Treatment: Limited effectiveness of biologics, surgical interventions.
    • Cellular Therapy: Advanced stem cell protocols slow disease progression, offering pain relief and structural support.
  • Stage 5: End-Stage Ankylosing Spondylitis
    • Conventional Treatment: Corrective spinal surgery, fusion procedures.
    • Cellular Therapy: Emerging iPSC-based therapies show potential for reversing ankylosis and regenerating spinal segments [18-23].

19. Revolutionizing AS Treatment with Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) program integrates the latest advancements in regenerative medicine to provide superior alternatives to traditional immunosuppressive therapies and surgical interventions. Key features of our approach include:

  • Personalized Regenerative Medicine:
    • Customized stem cell protocols tailored to each patient’s disease stage and immune profile.
  • Multi-Route Delivery for Maximum Effectiveness:
    • Intravenous (IV) Infusion: Systemic modulation of immune activity and inflammation.
    • Intra-Articular Injections: Direct targeting of affected sacroiliac joints and vertebral structures.
  • Long-Term Disease Modulation and Structural Repair:
    • Stem cells address inflammation, fibrosis, and progressive ossification, providing sustained symptom relief and improved mobility [18-23].

Through cutting-edge Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), we aim to redefine AS treatment by harnessing the power of regenerative medicine to restore function, reduce pain, and improve quality of life without the long-term risks associated with conventional therapies.

20. Allogeneic Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): Why Our Specialists Prefer It for Treating AS

Our regenerative medicine experts advocate for allogeneic enhanced Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) due to its superior regenerative potential and immunomodulatory effects. Compared to autologous approaches, allogeneic stem cell therapy offers distinct advantages that enhance spinal flexibility, reduce inflammation, and prevent disease progression in AS patients.

Increased Cell Availability and Potency: Allogeneic stem cells are sourced from young, healthy donors, ensuring a high concentration of viable cells with superior regenerative properties. Autologous cells, particularly in older AS patients, may exhibit diminished potency due to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation [24-29].

Minimally Invasive Approach: Unlike autologous therapy, which requires invasive harvesting from bone marrow or adipose tissue, allogeneic therapy eliminates the need for extraction procedures. This reduces patient discomfort, procedural risks, and recovery time.

Superior Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects: Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert robust immunosuppressive properties, targeting the hyperactive immune response in AS that leads to chronic inflammation and bone overgrowth [24-29].

Standardization and Consistency: Allogeneic therapy provides standardized stem cell preparations with controlled quality and potency. Autologous therapy outcomes can vary significantly due to differences in patient-specific cell viability and regenerative capacity.

Reduced Immune Rejection Risks: Advanced allogeneic stem cell processing includes human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and immunomodulatory MSCs, which reduce the risk of immune rejection and promote cellular integration.

Faster Treatment Initiation: AS is a progressive autoimmune disorder requiring timely intervention. Allogeneic therapy is readily available, whereas autologous therapy requires weeks for extraction, processing, and expansion—delaying treatment and potentially worsening the condition [24-29].

The use of allogeneic enhanced Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) represents a revolutionary step in regenerative treatments, offering consistent, accessible, and highly potent therapeutic options for AS patients.


21. Exploring the Sources of Our Allogeneic Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Our allogeneic Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) are derived from ethically sourced, high-potency origins, ensuring optimal regenerative outcomes for patients with progressive spinal inflammation and fusion. These sources include umbilical cord, Wharton’s Jelly, placenta, amniotic fluid, and dental pulp, each offering unique advantages for spinal flexibility restoration and immune modulation.

Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cells (UCBSCs): Highly proliferative and multipotent, these stem cells promote cartilage regeneration, reduce inflammation, and enhance immune system regulation in AS patients [24-29].

Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs): These cells provide robust anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties, essential for preventing spinal fusion and maintaining joint mobility.

Placental-Derived Stem Cells (PLSCs): Rich in growth factors and cytokines, these cells stimulate angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), reduce fibrosis, and modulate immune activity, critical for managing AS progression.

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells (AFSCs): Containing both mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells, AFSCs contribute to cartilage preservation, structural integrity, and immune balance, making them highly effective in treating AS.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs): With a high capacity for neural differentiation, DPSCs are valuable in regenerating damaged spinal nerve tissues and preventing neurological complications in chronic AS cases [24-29].

By utilizing these diverse and potent allogeneic stem cell sources, our regenerative therapy of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) provides a comprehensive and tailored approach that minimizes immune rejection while maximizing spinal flexibility and functional recovery.


22. Ensuring Safety and Quality: Our Regenerative Medicine Lab’s Commitment to Excellence in Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Our advanced regenerative medicine laboratory is at the forefront of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), specializing in the safe and effective manufacture of stem cell-based treatments. With decades of expertise in regenerative medicine, our facility upholds the highest safety, ethical, and scientific standards to ensure the best possible outcomes for AS patients.

Regulatory Compliance and Certification: Our laboratory is fully registered with the Thai FDA for cellular therapy and adheres to strict regulatory guidelines. We maintain Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certifications, ensuring rigorous safety and efficacy standards [24-29].

State-of-the-Art Quality Control: Operating within ISO4 and Class 10 cleanroom environments, we employ advanced cell processing techniques to produce high-purity, contamination-free stem cell products.

Scientific Validation and Clinical Trials: Our allogeneic cellular therapy protocols for AS are backed by extensive clinical trials and preclinical studies, ensuring that each treatment is evidence-based and continuously refined for maximum therapeutic benefit [24-29].

Personalized Treatment Protocols: We design patient-specific regenerative therapy plans, optimizing stem cell type and dosage based on the severity of AS and individual patient needs. This personalized approach enhances efficacy while minimizing potential risks.

Ethical and Sustainable Sourcing: Our stem cells are derived through non-invasive, ethically approved methods, aligning with global bioethical standards and supporting sustainable regenerative medicine practices [24-29].

With a steadfast commitment to safety, innovation, and scientific excellence, our regenerative medicine laboratory sets the gold standard for allogeneic Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), offering advanced, clinically validated solutions for patients seeking non-surgical, regenerative treatment options.


23. Advancing Ankylosing Spondylitis Outcomes with Our Cutting-Edge Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) with Neural Progenitor Stem Cells

Primary outcome assessments in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis focus on evaluating spinal flexibility, inflammatory marker levels, bone fusion severity, and clinical symptoms to determine disease progression and patient response to treatment. Key assessments include MRI-based spinal mobility measurements, inflammatory cytokine profiling, pain intensity scales (VAS, BASDAI), neurological deficit scoring, and functional mobility tests. Additionally, reductions in medication dependency and improvements in quality of life are critical indicators of disease burden and therapy effectiveness.

Our specialized protocols of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural progenitor stem cells have demonstrated significant improvements in these primary outcomes by targeting the root causes of AS. MSCs exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and extracellular matrix remodeling properties, contributing to reduced spinal inflammation, slowed bone fusion, and enhanced spinal flexibility. Patients receiving our neural progenitor stem cell therapy often show increased nerve regeneration potential, as evidenced by decreased pain scores and improved mobility, signifying decreased spinal rigidity and functional restoration [24-29].

Moreover, our therapies actively promote angiogenesis and neurotrophic support, improving nutrient delivery to affected spinal tissues and reducing the risk of chronic disability. These regenerative effects not only help slow AS progression but also contribute to enhanced quality of life and physical endurance. By reducing reliance on immunosuppressive drugs and delaying or avoiding surgical intervention, our protocols of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) provide a comprehensive and long-term strategy for managing AS, improving overall patient prognosis, and reducing the burden of spinal immobility [24-29].

24. Ensuring Patient Safety: Criteria for Acceptance into Our Specialized Treatment Protocols of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Our team of rheumatologists and regenerative medicine specialists carefully evaluates each international patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) to ensure the highest standards of safety and treatment efficacy. Due to the progressive nature of AS, not all patients may qualify for our advanced cellular therapy programs.

Patients with severe spinal fusion (ankylosis) where complete ossification of the spine has occurred (end-stage AS) may not be ideal candidates, as regenerative therapy is most effective before irreversible structural changes set in. Additionally, individuals with severe kyphotic deformities, significant respiratory compromise due to chest wall restriction, or uncontrolled secondary complications such as severe osteoporosis may require stabilization before undergoing Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) [30-31].

Other exclusion criteria include uncontrolled systemic autoimmune conditions, active infections, and severe cardiovascular or renal diseases that may interfere with post-treatment recovery. Patients with a history of spinal fractures due to severe bone fragility or extensive syndesmophyte formation leading to spinal cord compression may also require surgical intervention before considering regenerative therapy [30-31].

By adhering to stringent eligibility criteria, we ensure that only the most suitable candidates receive our specialized Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), optimizing patient safety and therapeutic efficacy.


25. Guidelines for Leniency: Special Considerations for Advanced Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Seeking Cellular Therapy

Our rheumatology and regenerative medicine team recognizes that certain advanced AS patients may still benefit from Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) if they meet specific clinical criteria. While we prioritize patient safety, exceptions may be made for cases where AS has recently progressed to a severe stage within 3-6 months, and the patient remains stable enough for treatment [30-31].

Prospective patients seeking consideration under these special circumstances should submit comprehensive medical reports, including:

  • Spinal Imaging Reports: MRI and CT scans detailing sacroiliitis, syndesmophyte formation, vertebral fusion, and inflammatory activity.
  • HLA-B27 Testing: To confirm genetic predisposition and disease classification.
  • Inflammatory Marker Levels: C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels to assess disease activity.
  • Functional Mobility Assessments: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), and patient-reported pain and stiffness levels.
  • Bone Density Tests (DEXA): To assess osteoporosis risk and potential fracture susceptibility.
  • Pulmonary Function Tests: If chest wall involvement limits respiratory capacity [30-31].

Through these detailed assessments, our specialists can carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), ensuring that only clinically viable candidates are accepted into our treatment programs.


26. Rigorous Qualification Process of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) for International Patients

Ensuring patient safety and optimizing treatment efficacy are our top priorities for international patients seeking Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Each prospective patient must undergo a rigorous qualification process led by our team of rheumatologists, immunologists, and regenerative medicine experts.

This evaluation includes an extensive review of recent (within 3-6 months) diagnostic imaging, such as MRI and CT scans of the sacroiliac joints and spine. Blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC), liver and kidney function tests, and autoimmune panels, help assess overall health and inflammation levels.

Further assessments involve functional mobility scoring, pain intensity evaluations, and neurological assessments where nerve involvement is suspected. Our inclusion criteria for Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) are based on disease stage, systemic involvement, and prior treatment response, ensuring a personalized and evidence-based approach [30-31].


27. Consultation and Treatment Plan of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) for International Patients

After a comprehensive medical evaluation, each international patient receives a detailed consultation outlining their personalized treatment plan. This document provides an in-depth breakdown of the recommended regenerative protocol, including the type and number of stem cells to be administered, expected duration of therapy, procedural details, and estimated costs (excluding travel and accommodation expenses).

The core components of our Cellular Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) involve the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sourced from umbilical cord tissue, Wharton’s Jelly, amniotic fluid, or placental origins. These high-potency allogeneic stem cells are administered through intravenous (IV) infusions and targeted periarticular injections into the sacroiliac and spinal regions to modulate inflammation and support tissue repair.

Complementary regenerative treatments, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cytokine-based anti-inflammatory therapies, may be integrated to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Patients receive a structured follow-up plan to monitor inflammation levels, spinal mobility, and pain reduction over time [30-31].


28. Comprehensive Treatment Regimen of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) for International Patients

Once international patients qualify for treatment, they undergo a structured and individualized protocol designed by our regenerative specialists. This approach ensures the highest efficacy in reducing inflammation, halting disease progression, and restoring mobility.

The treatment plan includes the administration of 100-200 million mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through:

  • Intravenous (IV) Infusions: Systemic anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation, and enhanced systemic regeneration.
  • Periarticular Injections: Direct application into sacroiliac joints, spinal regions, and affected musculoskeletal structures to reduce localized inflammation and improve joint mobility.
  • Exosome and Growth Factor Therapy: Enhancing cellular communication and tissue repair mechanisms.

The standard duration of stay in Thailand for our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) protocol ranges from 10 to 14 days, ensuring ample time for stem cell administration, monitoring, and supportive therapies. Additional advanced treatments, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and electromagnetic field therapy, are integrated to maximize regenerative potential [30-31].

A detailed cost breakdown for our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) ranges from $18,000 to $50,000, depending on disease severity and adjunctive treatments required. This investment ensures access to the most cutting-edge regenerative solutions, offering patients an alternative to lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and surgical interventions [30-31].

Consult with Our Team of Experts Now!

References:

  1. ^ Stem Cell Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8970953/
    This study discusses the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties.
  2. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Autoimmune Diseases
    DOI: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04743-z
    This meta-analysis concludes that MSC treatment may reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in axial spondyloarthritis, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
  3. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2017.4687
    This study indicates that intravenous transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) is safe and effective in alleviating disease activity in AS patients.
  4. Stem Cell Therapy for Spondylitis
    DOI: https://www.newenglandstemcells.com/blog/stem-cell-therapy-for-spondylitis/
    This article discusses the potential of stem cell therapy in managing spondylitis, including ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting its role in reducing inflammation and improving joint function.
  5. ^ Genetic Insights into AS
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8970953/
    This study discusses genetic factors in autoimmune diseases, including AS, emphasizing the role of HLA-B27 in disease pathogenesis.
  6. ^ Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ankylosing Spondylitis
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8970953/
    This study discusses the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties.
  7. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2017.4687
    This study indicates that intravenous transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) is safe and effective in alleviating disease activity in AS patients.
  8. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10104809/
    This article discusses the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in treating severe autoimmune diseases, including AS.
  9. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for Tissue Repair
    DOI: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12397
    This review discusses the potential of iPSCs in regenerative medicine, highlighting their role in tissue repair and regeneration.
  10. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Therapy from Stem Cells
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10104809/
    This study discusses the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from MSCs, emphasizing their role in immunomodulation and tissue repair.
  11. ^ Regenerative Medicine for AS
    DOI: https://www.stemcellthailand.org/therapies/ankylosing-spondylitis-spondyloarthritis/
    This article discusses the potential of regenerative therapies, including stem cell treatments, for managing AS, highlighting their role in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
  12. ^ Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711393/
    This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of intravenous infusion of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in AS patients who failed NSAIDs, highlighting their potential in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms.
  13. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2017.4687
    This study indicates that intravenous transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) is safe and effective in alleviating disease activity in AS patients.
  14. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine
    DOI: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.641116/full
    This review discusses the potential of adipose-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and tissue repair mechanisms.
  15. Placental-Derived Stem Cells for Tissue Repair
    DOI: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-93219-6
    This article discusses the therapeutic potential of placental-derived stem cells, emphasizing their role in tissue repair and regeneration.
  16. Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    DOI: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79944-8
    This study discusses the immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic potential of Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
  17. ^ Stem Cell Therapy for AS
    DOI: https://www.stemcellthailand.org/therapies/ankylosing-spondylitis-spondyloarthritis/
    This article discusses the potential of stem cell therapy in treating AS, highlighting its role in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
  18. ^ Early Intervention in AS with Stem Cells
    DOI: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8970953/
    This study discusses the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties.
  19. Stem Cell Therapy for AS: Mechanisms and Outcomes
    DOI: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2017.4687
    This study indicates that intravenous transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) is safe and effective in alleviating disease activity in AS patients.
  20. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Autoimmune Diseases
    DOI: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04743-z
    This meta-analysis concludes that MSC treatment may reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in axial spondyloarthritis, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
  21. Regenerative Medicine for AS
    DOI: https://www.stemcellthailand.org/therapies/ankylosing-spondylitis-spondyloarthritis/
    This article discusses the potential of regenerative therapies, including stem cell treatments, for managing AS, highlighting their role in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
  22. Stem Cell Therapy for AS: Safety and Efficacy
    DOI: https://www.viezec.com/ankylosing-spondylitis-treatment-with-stem-cells/
    This article discusses the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for AS, emphasizing its potential in reducing inflammation and improving mobility.
  23. ^ Regenerative Approaches for AS
    DOI: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.641116/full
    This review discusses preliminary trials showing small functional improvements with cell-based therapies for various conditions, including autoimmune diseases like AS.
  24. ^ Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711393/
    This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of intravenous infusion of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in AS patients who failed NSAIDs, highlighting their potential in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms.
  25. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for AS
    DOI: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2017.4687
    This study indicates that intravenous transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) is safe and effective in alleviating disease activity in AS patients.
  26. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in AS
    DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10744574/
    This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating AS, potentially reducing inflammation and improving joint function.
  27. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Next Generation Tool for Dental and Systemic Tissue Regeneration
    DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143414/
    This review, although not specific to AS, highlights the potential of DPSCs in regenerative medicine due to their neural differentiation capacity.
  28. Concise Review: Wharton’s Jelly: The Rich, Ethical, and Free Source of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
    DOI: https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sctm.14-0260
  29. ^ Ethical Issues and Regulatory Challenges in Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine
    DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765738
  30. ^ Patient Perspectives on Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions in Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA)
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35554149/
  31. ^ Treat to Target Management in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Recommendations from the 3rd International Treat to Target in Axial Spondyloarthritis Meeting
    https://ard.bmj.com/content/77/1/63.long/