Adiponectin (ADPN)
Adiponectin (ADPN)
Adiponectin (ADPN) is an adipocyte-derived hormone (adipokine) with important roles in regulating glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and bone metabolism. It is generally considered anti-inflammatory and beneficial for metabolic health.
Relationship with Osteocalcin and Bone Metabolism
- Adiponectin positively correlates with osteocalcin, a bone formation marker secreted by osteoblasts. Higher osteocalcin levels are associated with increased adiponectin production, suggesting a beneficial crosstalk between bone and adipose tissue in metabolic regulation1268.
- In obese adolescents undergoing weight loss therapy, an improved adiponectin/leptin ratio was positively associated with osteocalcin levels, indicating that adiponectin may promote bone formation by enhancing osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization23.
- Adiponectin suppresses osteoclastogenesis (bone resorption) and activates osteoblastogenesis (bone formation), which may be therapeutically beneficial for conditions like osteopenia2.
Metabolic Effects
- Adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, acting as an anti-inflammatory mediator in metabolic syndrome and obesity126.
- The adiponectin/leptin ratio is a better inflammatory biomarker in metabolic syndrome than either adipokine alone2.
- In chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, serum adiponectin positively correlates with carboxylated and intact osteocalcin, reinforcing the link between bone metabolism and energy homeostasis5.
Correlations with Body Composition
- Adiponectin levels negatively correlate with visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, reflecting its inverse relationship with adiposity23.
- Lean body mass positively predicts osteocalcin levels, while body fat mass negatively correlates with bone mineral content and osteocalcin, highlighting the complex interaction between fat, muscle, and bone metabolism23.
Summary Table
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Source | Secreted mainly by adipocytes |
| Functions | Enhances insulin sensitivity; anti-inflammatory; promotes osteoblast activity and bone formation |
| Relationship with Osteocalcin | Positive correlation; adiponectin promotes osteocalcin secretion and bone formation |
| Clinical Relevance | Marker and mediator in metabolic syndrome, obesity, bone metabolism, and chronic kidney disease |
| Correlation with Fat Mass | Negative correlation with visceral and subcutaneous fat |
| Correlation with Lean Mass | Positive predictor of osteocalcin and bone mineral content |
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Key References with DOI Links
- Adiponectin and osteocalcin: relation to insulin sensitivity
https://doi.org/10.1139/o2012-022 - Relationship between adiponectin and leptin on osteocalcin in obese adolescents during weight loss therapy
https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000039 - Relationship between adiponectin and leptin on osteocalcin in obese adolescents during weight loss therapy (full article)
https://www.aem-sbem.com/article/relationship-between-adiponectin-and-leptin-on-osteocalcin-in-obese-adolescents-during-weight-loss-therapy/ - Carboxylated and intact osteocalcin predict adiponectin in CKD patients on hemodialysis
https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw055 - Adiponectin and osteocalcin: relation to insulin sensitivity
https://doi.org/10.1139/o2012-022 - Relationship between adipokines, osteocalcin and bone quality in CKD
https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfn134
Adiponectin plays a crucial role in linking metabolic health with bone metabolism, promoting osteoblast function and improving insulin sensitivity, especially relevant in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease contexts.
