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Gingivitis (Ggt)

Gingivitis (Ggt): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Gingivitis (Ggt) is an early stage of gum disease characterized by inflammation, redness, and swelling of the gums (gingiva) due to bacterial plaque buildup. It is reversible with proper oral hygiene but can progress to periodontitis if untreated, leading to tooth loss.

Causes of Gingivitis

1. Plaque and Tartar:
   • Plaque: A sticky biofilm of bacteria that forms on teeth, especially near the gumline.
   • Tartar: Hardened plaque (calculus) that irritates gums and requires professional removal124.
2. Poor Oral Hygiene: Infrequent brushing/flossing allows plaque to accumulate16.
3. Risk Factors:
   • Smoking: Reduces blood flow to gums, worsening inflammation25.
   • Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy or menopause increases susceptibility58.
   • Medications: Phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, or birth control pills can cause gum overgrowth58.
   • Nutritional Deficiencies: Low vitamin C intake (rare in developed countries)58.

Symptoms of Gingivitis

• Red, swollen, or tender gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing138.
• Bad breath (halitosis) due to bacterial overgrowth16.
• Bright red or purplish gums (instead of healthy pink)8.
• Painless inflammation in early stages28.

Diagnosis

• Visual Exam: Dentists assess gum color, swelling, and bleeding14.
• Professional Cleaning: Scaling and root planing to remove plaque/tartar46.
• Symptom Persistence: If bleeding continues after 3–4 days of improved hygiene, consult a dentist7.

Treatment

1. Professional Cleaning:
   • Scaling: Removes plaque and tartar above/below the gumline14.
   • Root Planing: Smooths tooth roots to prevent future plaque buildup46.
2. Home Care:
   • Brushing: Twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled/electric brush16.
   • Flossing: Once daily to remove plaque between teeth16.
   • Mouthwash: Antiseptic rinses to reduce bacteria16.
3. Lifestyle Adjustments:
   • Quit Smoking: Reduces inflammation and improves healing25.
   • Dietary Changes: Increase vitamin C intake to support gum health58.

Prevention

• Regular Dental Visits: Cleanings every 6 months to remove tartar14.
• Consistent Hygiene: Brushing and flossing prevent plaque accumulation67.
• Avoid Risk Factors: Manage hormonal changes or medication side effects with dental guidance58.

Complications

Untreated gingivitis may progress to periodontitis, causing:

• Gum recession and deep pockets between teeth and gums13.
• Bone loss and tooth mobility14.
• Systemic Risks: Links to heart disease and diabetes due to chronic inflammation35.

Conclusion

Gingivitis is reversible with early intervention but requires vigilance to prevent progression. Combining professional dental care with rigorous oral hygiene ensures healthy gums and prevents long-term complications.

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References

1. Oral-B: Gingivitis
2. Mayo Clinic: Gingivitis
3. Medical News Today: Gingivitis
4. MedPark Hospital: Gingivitis
5. Healthline: Gingivitis
6. Listerine: Gingivitis Symptoms
7. Healthdirect: Gingivitis
8. Mount Sinai: Gingivitis