Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys. It serves as a precursor to both male and female sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. DHEA levels peak in early adulthood and gradually decline with age, leading to interest in its potential health benefits, particularly in relation to aging and hormonal balance.

Functions of DHEA

1. Hormonal Precursor: DHEA is converted into testosterone and estrogen in the body, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of these hormones.
2. Regulation of Metabolism: It influences various metabolic processes, including fat distribution and insulin sensitivity.
3. Immune Function: DHEA is believed to enhance immune response by stimulating the production of T cells in the thymus gland.

Health Benefits

DHEA supplementation is often marketed for various health benefits, although scientific evidence varies:

1. Muscle Mass Maintenance: DHEA may help increase or maintain muscle mass, particularly in older adults who experience muscle loss due to aging .
2. Libido Enhancement: Some studies suggest that DHEA can improve sexual function and libido in both men and women, especially those with low hormone levels .
3. Mood Improvement: DHEA has been linked to improvements in mood and reductions in symptoms of depression, particularly in older adults .
4. Bone Density: Preliminary research indicates that DHEA supplementation may improve bone density in postmenopausal women, potentially reducing fracture risk .
5. Weight Management: Some studies suggest that DHEA may help reduce abdominal fat and improve insulin sensitivity, which can be beneficial for individuals with metabolic syndrome .

Risks and Side Effects

While DHEA has potential benefits, it also carries risks:

• Hormonal Imbalances: Supplementation can lead to increased levels of sex hormones, which may cause side effects such as acne, hair loss, voice changes in women, and breast enlargement in men.
• Increased Cancer Risk: There is concern that elevated hormone levels from DHEA supplementation could increase the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast or prostate cancer .
• Cardiovascular Effects: Some studies have reported changes in cholesterol levels and increased heart rate associated with DHEA use .
• Contraindications: DHEA is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, or individuals with a history of hormone-sensitive cancers .

Recommended Dosage

Typical dosages for DHEA supplements range from 25 mg to 200 mg per day, depending on individual health needs and conditions. However, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation to determine appropriate dosage and monitor hormone levels.

Conclusion

DHEA is a naturally occurring hormone that plays a significant role in hormonal balance and metabolic processes. While supplementation may offer various health benefits—particularly for older adults—its use should be approached cautiously due to potential side effects and risks. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for anyone considering DHEA supplementation.

References

1. Tua Saúde. (2023). DHEA: Health Benefits & Side Effects. Retrieved from Tua Saúde
2. Healthline. (2017). DHEA Supplements: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects and Dosage. Retrieved from Healthline
3. Mount Sinai Health System. (n.d.). Dehydroepiandrosterone Information | Mount Sinai – New York. Retrieved from Mount Sinai
4. WebMD. (n.d.). DHEA Supplements: Uses and Side Effects. Retrieved from WebMD