Cholesterol (TC)

Cholesterol (Total Cholesterol – TC)

Definition: Cholesterol (TC) is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body. It is essential for the formation of cell membranes, certain hormones, and vitamin D. Total cholesterol (TC) refers to the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).

Types of Cholesterol

• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL):

• Often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, high levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL):

• Known as “good” cholesterol, HDL helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

• Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL):

• VLDL primarily carries triglycerides in the blood and is considered a type of bad cholesterol as well.

Functions of Cholesterol

• Cell Membrane Structure: Cholesterol is a crucial component of cell membranes, providing stability and fluidity.
• Hormone Production: It serves as a precursor for steroid hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen.
• Bile Acid Formation: Cholesterol is converted into bile acids that aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.

Health Implications

• Cholesterol Levels: Total cholesterol levels should ideally be below 200 mg/dL. Levels between 200-239 mg/dL are borderline high, while levels above 240 mg/dL are considered high and may increase the risk of heart disease.
• Dietary Influence: Saturated fats and trans fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, while unsaturated fats may help improve cholesterol profiles.
• Lifestyle Factors: Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco smoke can positively influence cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

Cholesterol is an essential lipid that plays critical roles in various bodily functions. Monitoring total cholesterol levels and understanding their implications for health is vital for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

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References

1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need to Know.” NHLBI.
2. Grundy SM, et al. “Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome.” Circulation. 2005; 112(17): 2735-2752. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.569552.