Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a comprehensive blood test that evaluates overall health and detects a variety of disorders, including anemia, infection, and leukemia. The CBC measures several components of the blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets.

Key Components of CBC:

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs):

• The number of RBCs indicates the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. Low levels can suggest anemia, while high levels may indicate dehydration or other conditions.

• White Blood Cells (WBCs):

• This count helps assess the immune system‘s status. An elevated WBC count may indicate infection, inflammation, or leukemia, while a low count can suggest bone marrow problems such as aplastic anemia (AA) or the effects of certain medications.

• Hemoglobin:

• The protein in RBCs that carries oxygen. Abnormal levels can indicate various types of anemia or other medical conditions.

• Hematocrit:

• The proportion of blood volume that is occupied by RBCs. It helps evaluate hydration status and blood loss.

• Platelets:

• Essential for blood clotting. Low platelet counts can lead to excessive bleeding, while high counts may increase the risk of thrombosis.

Clinical Significance

The CBC is a vital diagnostic tool used in routine check-ups and to monitor various health conditions. It provides critical information about the body’s overall health and can guide further testing or treatment decisions based on the findings.

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References

1. Cleveland Clinic. “Complete Blood Count (CBC).” Retrieved from Cleveland Clinic.
2. Mayo Clinic. “Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test.” Retrieved from Mayo Clinic.
3. National Institutes of Health (NIH). “Complete Blood Count.” Retrieved from NIH.