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  • Our Center
    • Thailand, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for International Patients Around the World
    • About Dr.StemCellsThailand’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center
    • Contact Us
      • Contact and Send a Message to Us
      • Telephone Call Back Appointment
    • Our Innovative Therapies
      • Our Innovative Therapies
      • Our Protocols’ Mode of Delivery
        • Intramuscular Injection (IM)
        • Intranasal inhalation
        • Intravenous Injection (IV)
        • Intrathecal/Intraspinal Injection
    • Journals and Medical Research in Stem Cells
    • Stem Cell Clinical Trials Around the World
    • Our Stem Cell Banking and Laboratory
      • Thailand Science Park (TSP)
      • Our Stem Cell Banking and Laboratory
      • Umbilical Cord Tissue Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
      • Teeth’s Dental Pulp Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
      • Amniotic Membrane Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
    • Sources of Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Sources of Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Autologous Stem Cells
        • Autologous Stem Cells
        • Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells (BMSCs)
        • Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSCs)
        • Adipose Tissue Stem Cells (ADSCs)
      • Allogenic Stem Cells
        • Allogeneic Stem Cells
        • Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells (AMSCs)
        • Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs)
        • Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)
        • Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells (UCBSCs)
    • Science of Stem Cell Mechanisms
      • Adult Stem Cells (ASCs)
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
        • MSC Characteristic & Homing
        • Adult Stem Cell Paracrine Mechanisms : Signaling and Therapy
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cancer
    • Patients’ Qualification and Eligibility for our therapies.
    • Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs)
      • Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell General FAQ
      • 1. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells FAQ on Scientific Research 
      • 2. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells FAQ on Clinical Application 
      • 3. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell FAQ on Law and Ethics 
      • 4. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell FAQ on Risks and Future Directions
    • Stem Cell Terminology
    • Our Team
      • Our Unique Approach at DrStemCellsThailand’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand:
      • American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine (ABAARM)
      • Team
    • Error Page
  • Our Services
    • All Therapies and Services
    • Stem Cell Therapy (SCT)
      • All Organ-Based Stem Cell Therapies (SCTs)
      • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
    • Regenerative Complementary Therapies
      • Cellular Therapy and Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs-Exosomes)
      • Various Organ-Specific Progenitor Stem Cells
      • Intensive Growth Factors IV (INGF)
        • Growth Factors (GFs)
          • Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs)
          • Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
          • Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β)
          • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
      • Placenta Extract Intramuscular(IM) Therapy
      • Peptide IM Therapy (PTT)
        • Peptides (P): Definition, Types, and Functions
      • Plasmapheresis Therapy (PMPT)
      • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
      • Meyer’s Cocktail IV Therapy (MYCT)
      • Ozone Therapy (OZT)
      • Chelation IV Therapy (CLT)
      • Multivitamin IV Therapy (MTV)
      • High-Dose Vitamin C IV Therapy (HDVC)
      • NAD+ IV Therapy (NADT)
      • Plaquex IV Therapy (PXT)
      • Glutathione IV Therapy (GTT)
    • Genetic Testing
      • Genetic Profile
      • Genetic Testing
      • Genomes
      • Genomics
      • Genomic Testing (GT)
      • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
    • Routine Medical Check-Ups for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine at our Center
      • All Blood Tests
        • Blood Panels (BP)
          • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
          • Inflammatory Markers
            • C-reactive Protein (CRP)
            • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
          • Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
            • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
            • Creatinine (Cr)
            • Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK/CK)
            • Glucose (Glc)
            • Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
            • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
            • Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
            • Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
            • Lipid Panel (LP)
              • Cholesterol (TC)
              • High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
              • Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
              • Triglycerides (TG)
            • Essential Minerals
              • Electrolytes (E’lyte)
                • Sodium (Na)
                • Potassium (K)
                • Chloride(Cl)
                • Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
          • Serological Markers (SM)
          • Thyroid Hormones (TSH, T3, T4)
            • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
            • Thyroxine (T4)
            • Triiodothyronine (T3)
            • Reverse T3 (RT3)
          • Autoimmune Profile (AP)
            • Autoantibodies (AA)
              • Systemic Autoantibodies
                • Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
                • Anti-Double Stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) Antibodies
                • Anti-Endomysial Antibodies (EmA)
                • Anti-Ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) antibodies
                • Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) Antibodies
                • Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
              • Gastrointestinal Tract Autoantibodies
                • Anti-Gliadin Antibodies (AGA)
                • Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (Anti-tTG)
              • Thyroid Autoantibodies
                • Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (anti-TPO)
                • TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb)
      • Urinalysis (U/A)
      • Stool Analysis (SA)
      • Cardiac Tests
        • Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
        • Echocardiogram
        • Exercise Stress Test (EST)
        • Coronary Angiogram
        • Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS)
        • Cardiac MRI
        • Holter Monitor
        • Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)
      • Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
        • Chest X-ray (CXR)
      • Pancreatic Function Test (PFT)
        • Amylase(Am)
        • C-Peptide (CPT)
        • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
        • Lipase(Lp)
      • Lumbar Puncture (LP)
      • Ultrasound (U/S)
      • Computed Tomography Scans (CT scans)
        • CT brain
      • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
        • Brain MRI (BMRI)
      • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
      • DEXA scan (DEXS)
        • Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
      • Gut Microbiome Composition (GMC)
      • Telomere Length Testing (TLT)
      • Mitochondrial Function Analysis (MFA)
    • Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (PT&R)
    • Alternative Medicine(AM)
      • Oriental Alternative Medicine
        • Oriental Alternative Medicine
        • Ayurveda
        • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
          • Chinese Acupuncture (CHNA)
          • Chinese Herbal Medicine
          • Chiropractic Care (CC)
          • Cupping Therapy (CT)
          • Meditation (M)
          • Tai Chi (太極拳)
          • Yoga (Yo)
        • Thai Massage (TM)
      • Western Alternative Medicine
        • Western Alternative Medicine
        • Energy Medicine (EM)
        • Homeopathy (HMP)
        • Magnetic Field Therapy (MFT)
    • Our Innovative Medicine
      • Science of Regenerative Medicine
        • Acid-Base Balance (ABB)
        • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
        • Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
        • Cardiac Markers
        • Cell Lineages
          • Ectoderm
          • Endoderm (Endo)
          • Mesoderm (Meso)
        • COVID-19 Complications
        • Fasting (F)
        • Gold Standard in Medical Diagnostics
        • Neurotransmitters (NT)
          • Dopamine (DA)
          • Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
          • Glutamate (Glu)
          • Glycine (Gly)
          • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
          • Serotonin (5-HT)
        • Neurotrophic Factors (NF)
        • Nutrition
          • Macromolecules
            • Macronutrients (MaN)
              • Lipids
                • Fats (Fa)
                  • Phospholipids (PL)
                  • Fatty Acids
                    • Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ω−3 FA)
                    • Omega-6 fatty acids (ω−6 FA)
                • Oils
            • Nucleic Acids
        • Stem Cell Potency (SCP)
        • Stem Cells
          • Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
        • All Organ-Based Stem Cell Therapies (SCTs)
      • All Diseases’ origin
        • Cellular Damage (CD)
        • Free Radicals
        • Heavy Metals (HM)
        • Hormonal Imbalances (HI)
        • Insulin resistance(IR)
        • Risk Factors
          • Risk Factors
          • Biological Factors
          • Behavioral Factors
        • Senescence
        • Stress
          • Adaptogens (Adpt)
          • Cellular Stress
          • Oxidative DNA Damage(ODD)
          • Telomere Shortening
        • Toxic Substances (TS)
        • Nature of the Disease
        • Stages of the Disease
        • Inflammatory Diseases
        • Amino Acids (AA)
          • Cysteine (Cys)
          • Glutamine (Gln)
          • Glycine (Gly)
          • Homocysteine (HMC)
        • Antioxidants
          • Antioxidant
          • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
          • Vitamins (Vita)
            • Vitamin A (retinol)
            • Vitamin B9 (folate)
            • Vitamin B12 (Vit B12)
            • Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)
            • Vitamin E (VE)
            • Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
          • Glutathione (GSH)
          • N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
          • Phytochemicals
            • Phytochemicals
            • Phytonutrients (PhyN)
              • Phytoestrogens (Phyto-E)
              • Phenolic Acids
              • Polyphenols
                • Polyphenols
                • Resveratrol
                • Flavonoids
                  • Flavonoids
                  • Anthocyanins (ACNs)
                  • Catechins
                  • Isoflavones (ISF)
                  • Quercetin
        • Trace minerals
          • Trace Minerals
          • Copper(Cu)
          • Magnesium(Mg)
          • Manganese(Mn)
          • Selenium(Se)
          • Zinc(Zn)
        • Disabilities
      • Blog
      • Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Age-Related Diseases (ARD) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Anti-Fibrotic Agents and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Caloric Restriction and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Dietary Approaches and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • DASH Diet (DD)
          • Ketogenic Diets (KD)
          • Mediterranean Diet (MD)
          • Plant-Based Diets (PBD)
        • Hormones and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
          • Glucagon
          • Prolactin (PRL)
          • Catecholamines
            • Dopamine (DA)
            • Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
            • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
          • Sex Hormones
            • Androgens(A)
            • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
            • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
          • Cortisol
            • Cortisol (CORT) and Aging 
          • Thyroid Hormones (TSH, T3, T4)
          • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
        • Metabolic Disorders (MD)
        • Metformin (MFM) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Mitochondrial Dysfunction (MD) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Pro-inflammatory cytokines and Aging
        • Rapamycin (R) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Sleep and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • Sleep Hygiene (SH)
          • Sleep Quality (SQ)
          • Sleep-Wake Cycle (SWC)
        • Weight Management and Anti-Aging Medicine
      • Immunology 101
        • Cell Signaling
          • Autocrine Signaling
          • Endocrine Signaling
          • Paracrine Signaling
        • Sensitization
        • Organ Transplantation
          • Engraftment
          • Graft Rejection
        • Cytokine Storm
        • Immunosenescence
        • Immune System
          • Cluster of Differentiation(CD)
          • Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)
            • T helper 1 cells (Th1)
            • T helper 2 cells (Th2)
          • Humoral Immunity (HI)
            • Monoclonal Antibodies
        • Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
          • Dendritic Cells
          • Macrophage
        • Cytokines
          • Cytotoxic Proteins
          • Interferons (IFNs)
          • Interleukins (ILs)
          • Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs)
        • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
          • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
            • HLA-C (HLAC)
        • Hematopoiesis
          • Lymphocytes(L)
            • B cells
            • T cells
              • CD 4+T Helper Cells
            • Natural Killer (NK) Cells 1
            • Natural killer cells (NK cells) 2
          • Basophil (Baso)
          • Eosinophil
          • Monocyte
          • Plasma Cells (PC)
          • Platelets (PLT)
      • Health and Wellness
        • Disease Warning Signs
        • Alternative Medicine(AM)
        • Integrative Medicine (IM)
        • Physical and Mental Well-being
        • Preventive Medicine/Healthcare
        • Underlying Conditions (U/D)
        • Gluten and Autoimmune Diseases
        • Gluten-Free Diet (GFD)
        • Gut Microbiome(GMB) and Anti-Aging Medicine
      • History of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells in Thailand
      • Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine in 2025
      • Anti-Aging and Regenerative Specialists in 2025
      • Precision Medicine and Personalized Care in 2025
      • Conventional Medicine VS Alternative Medicine
  • Our Therapies
    • 0. General Age-Related Degeneration
      • General Age-Related Degeneration
    • Brain, Spinal Cord and Neurodegenerative Diseases
      • 1. Brain, Spinal Cord and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells 
      • Intellectual Disabilities
        • Intellectual Disabilities
        • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
        • Fragile X Syndrome
        • Klinefelter Syndrome
        • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
        • Mowat-Wilson Syndrome
        • Neurofibromatosis
        • Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
        • Prader-Willi Syndrome
        • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
        • Williams Syndrome
      • ADHD
      • Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
      • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
      • Anxiety Disorder
      • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
      • Cerebellar Ataxia
      • Cerebral Palsy (CP)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Dementia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Depression
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Developmental Delay
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetic Neuropathy (DN)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Down Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Epilepsy
      • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
      • Hemorrhagic Stroke
      • Huntington’s Disease
      • Insomnia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke
      • Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Neuromuscular Disease (NMD)
      • Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Peripheral Neuropathy
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spastic Paraplegia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Transverse Myelitis (TM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for All Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Diplegia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for All Types of Nerve Injuries: Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis, Neurotmesis
    • Heart, Vessels and Cardiovascular Diseases
      • 2. Heart and Vessel Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
      • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
    • Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pulmonary Diseases
      • 3. Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pulmonary Diseases, Cellular Therapy, and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Asbestosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Asthma
      • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
      • Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Silicosis
    • Liver, Bile ducts and Hepatobilliary Diseases
      • 4. Liver, Bile ducts, Hepatobilliary Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Liver Diseases
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Hepatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fatty Liver Disease (Steatosis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Liver Fibrosis
      • Liver Cirrhosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Liver Failure
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Viral Hepatitis
    • Digestive Tracts and Gastrointestinal Diseases
      • 5. Digestive Tracts, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Celiac Disease (CD)
      • Crohn’s Disease (CD)
      • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
      • Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
    • Pancreas and Pancreatic Diseases
      • 6. Pancreas, Pancreatic Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Autoimmune Pancreatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Pancreatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Congenital Pancreatic Disorders (Annular Pancreas, Pancreatic Agenesis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
      • Cellular Immunotherapies Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Post-Surgical or Traumatic Pancreatic Injury
    • Kidneys and Renal Diseases
      • 7. Kidneys, Renal Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Alport Syndrome (AS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
      • Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)
      • End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
      • Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (fFSGS)
      • Glomerulonephritis (GN)
      • IgA Nephropathy (IgAN)
      • Kidney Cysts
      • Lupus Nephritis (LN)
      • Membranous Nephropathy
      • Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
      • Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury
    • Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases
      • 8. Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
      • Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
      • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Dermatomyositis (DM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fibromyalgia
      • Goodpasture’s Syndrome
      • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
      • Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polymyositis (PM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
      • Sjögren’s syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
    • Musculoskeletal Diseases and Orthopedic Conditions
      • 9. Musculoskeletal Diseases and Orthopedic Conditions
      • Joint Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis (OA)
        • Post-Traumatic Arthritis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
      • Cartilage Damage
        • Chondromalacia Patellae
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Focal Cartilage Defects
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteochondral Lesions
      • Ligament and Tendon Injuries
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rotator Cuff Tears
        • Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
        • Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
        • Achilles Tendinitis/Tears
        • Plantar Fasciitis
      • Bone Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Bone Fracture Nonunions and Delayed Healing
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Stress Fractures
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteoporosis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rickets and Osteomalacia
        • Sarcopenia
      • Spine Conditions
        • Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
        • Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Herniated Disc
        • Facet Joint Syndrome
        • Spinal Stenosis
      • Muscle Injuries
        • Muscle Strains and Tears
        • Myopathies
      • Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions
        • Bursitis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Achilles Tendinitis
      • Other Orthopedic Applications
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Meniscus Tears of Knee Joints
        • Labral Tears of Hip or Shoulder Labrum
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Trochanteric Bursitis of Hip
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Sports-Related Injuries (SRI)
    • Ocular Conditions and Eye Diseases
      • 10. Ocular Conditions, Eye Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
      • Corneal Burns and Scarring
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
      • Glaucoma
      • Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
      • Stargardt Disease (SD)
    • Dermatology, Cosmetics, Burns, Wound Healing and Skin Conditions
      • 11. Dermatology, Cosmetics, Burns, Wound Healing and Skin Conditions, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Acne Scarring
      • Alopecia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
      • Burns
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Wounds
      • Epidermolysis Bullosa
      • Facial Rejuvenation
      • Facial Volume Restoration
      • Frostbite
      • Hyperpigmentation
      • Lichen Planus
      • Melasma
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Psoriasis (Scaly skin disease)
      • Scar Treatment
      • Vitiligo
    • Male and Female Reproductive Organ Diseases
      • 12. Male and Female Reproductive Organ Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Female Reproductive Organ Diseases
        • Asherman’s Syndrome (Intrauterine Adhesions)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Endometriosis
        • Menopause
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Menstrual Irregularities
        • Ovarian Cancer (Post-Chemotherapy)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ovarian Insufficiency (Premature Ovarian Failure)
        • Pelvic Organ Prolapse
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
        • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
        • Recurrent Pregnancy Loss due to Uterine Factors
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)
        • Vaginal Atrophy and Scarring
      • Male Reproductive Organ Diseases
        • Andropause (Low Testosterone Level)
        • Azoospermia
        • Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS)
        • Chronic Prostatitis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
        • Hypogonadism
        • Peyronie’s Disease (PD)
        • Prostate Cancer (Post-Surgery or Radiation Therapy)
    • Otolaryngologic or Ear, Nose, Throat and Thyroid Diseases
      • 13. Otolaryngologic or Ear, Nose, Throat and Thyroid Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Ear Disorders
        • Age-Related Hearing Loss (Presbycusis)
        • Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
        • Congenital Hearing Loss (CHL)
        • Labyrinthitis
        • Meniere’s Disease
        • Ototoxicity-Induced Hearing Loss (OIHL)
        • Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Tinnitus
        • Vestibular Neuronitis
      • Nose and Sinus Disorders
        • Allergic Rhinitis (AR)
        • Atrophic Rhinitis
        • Nasal Polyp
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
      • Throat and Upper Airway Disorders
        • Laryngeal Stenosis
        • Vocal Cord Paralysis or Scarring
      • Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
        • Grave’s Disease
        • Hashimoto Thyroiditis
        • Hyperthyroidism
        • Hypoparathyroidism
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Hypothyroidism
        • Post-Thyroidectomy Recovery
      • Other ENT Disorders
        • Adenoid Hypertrophy
        • Chronic Tonsillitis
        • Salivary Gland Disorders
    • Pituitary, Adrenal Glands, and Endocrine Diseases
      • 14. Pituitary, Adrenal Glands, Endocrine Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Pituitary Gland Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
        • Growth Hormone Deficiency
        • Hypopituitarism
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Pituitary Adenomas
      • Adrenal Gland Disorders
        • Addison’s Disease (AD)
        • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Cushing’s Syndrome
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Pheochromocytoma
      • General Endocrine Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Hypothyroidism
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
    • Blood Disorders
      • 15. Blood Disorders, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Aplastic Anemia (AA)
      • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
      • Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
      • Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
      • Fanconi Anemia
      • Gaucher’s Disease
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Hemophilia
      • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
      • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
      • Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
      • Thalassemia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
      • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
    • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
      • 16. Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Amyloidosis
      • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Pain Syndromes
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fibromyalgia
      • Hemochromatosis
      • Long Covid Syndrome
      • Mold & Chronic Inflammatory Responses Syndrome (CIRS)
      • Muscular Dystrophy(MD)
      • Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)
      • Rhabdomyolysis
      • Sarcoidosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Wilson’s disease
    • Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T and NK-T
      • Immunotherapies
        • Immunotherapies
        • CAR-T
        • NK-T
      • Hematologic Malignancies and Blood Cancers
        • Hematologic Malignancies and Blood Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Leukemia
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Lymphoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma (MM)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
      • Solid Organ Tumors and Cancers
        • Solid Organ Tumors and Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Adrenal Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Basal Cell Carcinoma of Skin
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Bladder Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Bone Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Brain Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Breast Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Cervical Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Cholangiocarcinoma
        • Choriocarcinoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Endometrial Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Esophageal Cancer
        • Germ Cell Tumor
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Gliomas
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Head and Neck Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Kidney Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Liver Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Lung Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for for Melanoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Mesothelioma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Neuroblastoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Neuroendocrine Tumors
        • Oral Cancer (Cancers of the mouth, throat (pharynx, larynx)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Ovarian Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Pancreatic Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Prostate Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Spinal Cord Tumor
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of Skin
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Thyroid Cancer
      • Allergic Conditions
      • Imaging
      • Tumor Markers
      • Palliative Care
      • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
        • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for for HIV/AIDS
        • Long Covid Syndrome
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Hotline: +442-114-364
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  • Our Center
    • Thailand, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for International Patients Around the World
    • About Dr.StemCellsThailand’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center
    • Contact Us
      • Contact and Send a Message to Us
      • Telephone Call Back Appointment
    • Our Innovative Therapies
      • Our Innovative Therapies
      • Our Protocols’ Mode of Delivery
        • Intramuscular Injection (IM)
        • Intranasal inhalation
        • Intravenous Injection (IV)
        • Intrathecal/Intraspinal Injection
    • Journals and Medical Research in Stem Cells
    • Stem Cell Clinical Trials Around the World
    • Our Stem Cell Banking and Laboratory
      • Thailand Science Park (TSP)
      • Our Stem Cell Banking and Laboratory
      • Umbilical Cord Tissue Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
      • Teeth’s Dental Pulp Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
      • Amniotic Membrane Storage for Isolation and Cultivation of Stem Cells
    • Sources of Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Sources of Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Autologous Stem Cells
        • Autologous Stem Cells
        • Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells (BMSCs)
        • Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSCs)
        • Adipose Tissue Stem Cells (ADSCs)
      • Allogenic Stem Cells
        • Allogeneic Stem Cells
        • Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells (AMSCs)
        • Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs)
        • Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)
        • Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells (UCBSCs)
    • Science of Stem Cell Mechanisms
      • Adult Stem Cells (ASCs)
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
        • MSC Characteristic & Homing
        • Adult Stem Cell Paracrine Mechanisms : Signaling and Therapy
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cancer
    • Patients’ Qualification and Eligibility for our therapies.
    • Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs)
      • Our Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell General FAQ
      • 1. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells FAQ on Scientific Research 
      • 2. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells FAQ on Clinical Application 
      • 3. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell FAQ on Law and Ethics 
      • 4. Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell FAQ on Risks and Future Directions
    • Stem Cell Terminology
    • Our Team
      • Our Unique Approach at DrStemCellsThailand’s Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine Center of Thailand:
      • American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine (ABAARM)
      • Team
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  • Our Services
    • All Therapies and Services
    • Stem Cell Therapy (SCT)
      • All Organ-Based Stem Cell Therapies (SCTs)
      • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
    • Regenerative Complementary Therapies
      • Cellular Therapy and Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs-Exosomes)
      • Various Organ-Specific Progenitor Stem Cells
      • Intensive Growth Factors IV (INGF)
        • Growth Factors (GFs)
          • Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs)
          • Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
          • Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β)
          • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
      • Placenta Extract Intramuscular(IM) Therapy
      • Peptide IM Therapy (PTT)
        • Peptides (P): Definition, Types, and Functions
      • Plasmapheresis Therapy (PMPT)
      • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
      • Meyer’s Cocktail IV Therapy (MYCT)
      • Ozone Therapy (OZT)
      • Chelation IV Therapy (CLT)
      • Multivitamin IV Therapy (MTV)
      • High-Dose Vitamin C IV Therapy (HDVC)
      • NAD+ IV Therapy (NADT)
      • Plaquex IV Therapy (PXT)
      • Glutathione IV Therapy (GTT)
    • Genetic Testing
      • Genetic Profile
      • Genetic Testing
      • Genomes
      • Genomics
      • Genomic Testing (GT)
      • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
    • Routine Medical Check-Ups for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine at our Center
      • All Blood Tests
        • Blood Panels (BP)
          • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
          • Inflammatory Markers
            • C-reactive Protein (CRP)
            • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
          • Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
            • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
            • Creatinine (Cr)
            • Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK/CK)
            • Glucose (Glc)
            • Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
            • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
            • Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
            • Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
            • Lipid Panel (LP)
              • Cholesterol (TC)
              • High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
              • Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
              • Triglycerides (TG)
            • Essential Minerals
              • Electrolytes (E’lyte)
                • Sodium (Na)
                • Potassium (K)
                • Chloride(Cl)
                • Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
          • Serological Markers (SM)
          • Thyroid Hormones (TSH, T3, T4)
            • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
            • Thyroxine (T4)
            • Triiodothyronine (T3)
            • Reverse T3 (RT3)
          • Autoimmune Profile (AP)
            • Autoantibodies (AA)
              • Systemic Autoantibodies
                • Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
                • Anti-Double Stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) Antibodies
                • Anti-Endomysial Antibodies (EmA)
                • Anti-Ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) antibodies
                • Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) Antibodies
                • Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
              • Gastrointestinal Tract Autoantibodies
                • Anti-Gliadin Antibodies (AGA)
                • Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (Anti-tTG)
              • Thyroid Autoantibodies
                • Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (anti-TPO)
                • TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb)
      • Urinalysis (U/A)
      • Stool Analysis (SA)
      • Cardiac Tests
        • Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
        • Echocardiogram
        • Exercise Stress Test (EST)
        • Coronary Angiogram
        • Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS)
        • Cardiac MRI
        • Holter Monitor
        • Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)
      • Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
        • Chest X-ray (CXR)
      • Pancreatic Function Test (PFT)
        • Amylase(Am)
        • C-Peptide (CPT)
        • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
        • Lipase(Lp)
      • Lumbar Puncture (LP)
      • Ultrasound (U/S)
      • Computed Tomography Scans (CT scans)
        • CT brain
      • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
        • Brain MRI (BMRI)
      • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
      • DEXA scan (DEXS)
        • Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
      • Gut Microbiome Composition (GMC)
      • Telomere Length Testing (TLT)
      • Mitochondrial Function Analysis (MFA)
    • Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (PT&R)
    • Alternative Medicine(AM)
      • Oriental Alternative Medicine
        • Oriental Alternative Medicine
        • Ayurveda
        • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
          • Chinese Acupuncture (CHNA)
          • Chinese Herbal Medicine
          • Chiropractic Care (CC)
          • Cupping Therapy (CT)
          • Meditation (M)
          • Tai Chi (太極拳)
          • Yoga (Yo)
        • Thai Massage (TM)
      • Western Alternative Medicine
        • Western Alternative Medicine
        • Energy Medicine (EM)
        • Homeopathy (HMP)
        • Magnetic Field Therapy (MFT)
    • Our Innovative Medicine
      • Science of Regenerative Medicine
        • Acid-Base Balance (ABB)
        • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
        • Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
        • Cardiac Markers
        • Cell Lineages
          • Ectoderm
          • Endoderm (Endo)
          • Mesoderm (Meso)
        • COVID-19 Complications
        • Fasting (F)
        • Gold Standard in Medical Diagnostics
        • Neurotransmitters (NT)
          • Dopamine (DA)
          • Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
          • Glutamate (Glu)
          • Glycine (Gly)
          • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
          • Serotonin (5-HT)
        • Neurotrophic Factors (NF)
        • Nutrition
          • Macromolecules
            • Macronutrients (MaN)
              • Lipids
                • Fats (Fa)
                  • Phospholipids (PL)
                  • Fatty Acids
                    • Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ω−3 FA)
                    • Omega-6 fatty acids (ω−6 FA)
                • Oils
            • Nucleic Acids
        • Stem Cell Potency (SCP)
        • Stem Cells
          • Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
        • All Organ-Based Stem Cell Therapies (SCTs)
      • All Diseases’ origin
        • Cellular Damage (CD)
        • Free Radicals
        • Heavy Metals (HM)
        • Hormonal Imbalances (HI)
        • Insulin resistance(IR)
        • Risk Factors
          • Risk Factors
          • Biological Factors
          • Behavioral Factors
        • Senescence
        • Stress
          • Adaptogens (Adpt)
          • Cellular Stress
          • Oxidative DNA Damage(ODD)
          • Telomere Shortening
        • Toxic Substances (TS)
        • Nature of the Disease
        • Stages of the Disease
        • Inflammatory Diseases
        • Amino Acids (AA)
          • Cysteine (Cys)
          • Glutamine (Gln)
          • Glycine (Gly)
          • Homocysteine (HMC)
        • Antioxidants
          • Antioxidant
          • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
          • Vitamins (Vita)
            • Vitamin A (retinol)
            • Vitamin B9 (folate)
            • Vitamin B12 (Vit B12)
            • Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)
            • Vitamin E (VE)
            • Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
          • Glutathione (GSH)
          • N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
          • Phytochemicals
            • Phytochemicals
            • Phytonutrients (PhyN)
              • Phytoestrogens (Phyto-E)
              • Phenolic Acids
              • Polyphenols
                • Polyphenols
                • Resveratrol
                • Flavonoids
                  • Flavonoids
                  • Anthocyanins (ACNs)
                  • Catechins
                  • Isoflavones (ISF)
                  • Quercetin
        • Trace minerals
          • Trace Minerals
          • Copper(Cu)
          • Magnesium(Mg)
          • Manganese(Mn)
          • Selenium(Se)
          • Zinc(Zn)
        • Disabilities
      • Blog
      • Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Age-Related Diseases (ARD) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Anti-Fibrotic Agents and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Caloric Restriction and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Dietary Approaches and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • DASH Diet (DD)
          • Ketogenic Diets (KD)
          • Mediterranean Diet (MD)
          • Plant-Based Diets (PBD)
        • Hormones and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
          • Glucagon
          • Prolactin (PRL)
          • Catecholamines
            • Dopamine (DA)
            • Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
            • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
          • Sex Hormones
            • Androgens(A)
            • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
            • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
          • Cortisol
            • Cortisol (CORT) and Aging 
          • Thyroid Hormones (TSH, T3, T4)
          • Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
        • Metabolic Disorders (MD)
        • Metformin (MFM) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Mitochondrial Dysfunction (MD) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Pro-inflammatory cytokines and Aging
        • Rapamycin (R) and Anti-Aging Medicine
        • Sleep and Anti-Aging Medicine
          • Sleep Hygiene (SH)
          • Sleep Quality (SQ)
          • Sleep-Wake Cycle (SWC)
        • Weight Management and Anti-Aging Medicine
      • Immunology 101
        • Cell Signaling
          • Autocrine Signaling
          • Endocrine Signaling
          • Paracrine Signaling
        • Sensitization
        • Organ Transplantation
          • Engraftment
          • Graft Rejection
        • Cytokine Storm
        • Immunosenescence
        • Immune System
          • Cluster of Differentiation(CD)
          • Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)
            • T helper 1 cells (Th1)
            • T helper 2 cells (Th2)
          • Humoral Immunity (HI)
            • Monoclonal Antibodies
        • Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
          • Dendritic Cells
          • Macrophage
        • Cytokines
          • Cytotoxic Proteins
          • Interferons (IFNs)
          • Interleukins (ILs)
          • Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs)
        • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
          • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
            • HLA-C (HLAC)
        • Hematopoiesis
          • Lymphocytes(L)
            • B cells
            • T cells
              • CD 4+T Helper Cells
            • Natural Killer (NK) Cells 1
            • Natural killer cells (NK cells) 2
          • Basophil (Baso)
          • Eosinophil
          • Monocyte
          • Plasma Cells (PC)
          • Platelets (PLT)
      • Health and Wellness
        • Disease Warning Signs
        • Alternative Medicine(AM)
        • Integrative Medicine (IM)
        • Physical and Mental Well-being
        • Preventive Medicine/Healthcare
        • Underlying Conditions (U/D)
        • Gluten and Autoimmune Diseases
        • Gluten-Free Diet (GFD)
        • Gut Microbiome(GMB) and Anti-Aging Medicine
      • History of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells in Thailand
      • Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine in 2025
      • Anti-Aging and Regenerative Specialists in 2025
      • Precision Medicine and Personalized Care in 2025
      • Conventional Medicine VS Alternative Medicine
  • Our Therapies
    • 0. General Age-Related Degeneration
      • General Age-Related Degeneration
    • Brain, Spinal Cord and Neurodegenerative Diseases
      • 1. Brain, Spinal Cord and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells 
      • Intellectual Disabilities
        • Intellectual Disabilities
        • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
        • Fragile X Syndrome
        • Klinefelter Syndrome
        • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
        • Mowat-Wilson Syndrome
        • Neurofibromatosis
        • Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
        • Prader-Willi Syndrome
        • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
        • Williams Syndrome
      • ADHD
      • Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
      • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
      • Anxiety Disorder
      • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
      • Cerebellar Ataxia
      • Cerebral Palsy (CP)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Dementia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Depression
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Developmental Delay
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetic Neuropathy (DN)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Down Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Epilepsy
      • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
      • Hemorrhagic Stroke
      • Huntington’s Disease
      • Insomnia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke
      • Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Neuromuscular Disease (NMD)
      • Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Peripheral Neuropathy
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spastic Paraplegia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Transverse Myelitis (TM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for All Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Diplegia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for All Types of Nerve Injuries: Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis, Neurotmesis
    • Heart, Vessels and Cardiovascular Diseases
      • 2. Heart and Vessel Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
      • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
    • Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pulmonary Diseases
      • 3. Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs and Pulmonary Diseases, Cellular Therapy, and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Asbestosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Asthma
      • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
      • Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Silicosis
    • Liver, Bile ducts and Hepatobilliary Diseases
      • 4. Liver, Bile ducts, Hepatobilliary Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Liver Diseases
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Hepatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fatty Liver Disease (Steatosis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Liver Fibrosis
      • Liver Cirrhosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Liver Failure
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Viral Hepatitis
    • Digestive Tracts and Gastrointestinal Diseases
      • 5. Digestive Tracts, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Celiac Disease (CD)
      • Crohn’s Disease (CD)
      • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
      • Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
    • Pancreas and Pancreatic Diseases
      • 6. Pancreas, Pancreatic Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Autoimmune Pancreatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Pancreatitis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Congenital Pancreatic Disorders (Annular Pancreas, Pancreatic Agenesis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
      • Cellular Immunotherapies Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Post-Surgical or Traumatic Pancreatic Injury
    • Kidneys and Renal Diseases
      • 7. Kidneys, Renal Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Alport Syndrome (AS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
      • Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)
      • End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
      • Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (fFSGS)
      • Glomerulonephritis (GN)
      • IgA Nephropathy (IgAN)
      • Kidney Cysts
      • Lupus Nephritis (LN)
      • Membranous Nephropathy
      • Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
      • Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury
    • Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases
      • 8. Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
      • Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
      • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Dermatomyositis (DM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fibromyalgia
      • Goodpasture’s Syndrome
      • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
      • Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polymyositis (PM)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
      • Sjögren’s syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
    • Musculoskeletal Diseases and Orthopedic Conditions
      • 9. Musculoskeletal Diseases and Orthopedic Conditions
      • Joint Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis (OA)
        • Post-Traumatic Arthritis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
      • Cartilage Damage
        • Chondromalacia Patellae
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Focal Cartilage Defects
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteochondral Lesions
      • Ligament and Tendon Injuries
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rotator Cuff Tears
        • Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
        • Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
        • Achilles Tendinitis/Tears
        • Plantar Fasciitis
      • Bone Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Bone Fracture Nonunions and Delayed Healing
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Stress Fractures
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Osteoporosis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Rickets and Osteomalacia
        • Sarcopenia
      • Spine Conditions
        • Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
        • Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Herniated Disc
        • Facet Joint Syndrome
        • Spinal Stenosis
      • Muscle Injuries
        • Muscle Strains and Tears
        • Myopathies
      • Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions
        • Bursitis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Achilles Tendinitis
      • Other Orthopedic Applications
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Meniscus Tears of Knee Joints
        • Labral Tears of Hip or Shoulder Labrum
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Trochanteric Bursitis of Hip
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Sports-Related Injuries (SRI)
    • Ocular Conditions and Eye Diseases
      • 10. Ocular Conditions, Eye Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
      • Corneal Burns and Scarring
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
      • Glaucoma
      • Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
      • Stargardt Disease (SD)
    • Dermatology, Cosmetics, Burns, Wound Healing and Skin Conditions
      • 11. Dermatology, Cosmetics, Burns, Wound Healing and Skin Conditions, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Acne Scarring
      • Alopecia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
      • Burns
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Wounds
      • Epidermolysis Bullosa
      • Facial Rejuvenation
      • Facial Volume Restoration
      • Frostbite
      • Hyperpigmentation
      • Lichen Planus
      • Melasma
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Psoriasis (Scaly skin disease)
      • Scar Treatment
      • Vitiligo
    • Male and Female Reproductive Organ Diseases
      • 12. Male and Female Reproductive Organ Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Female Reproductive Organ Diseases
        • Asherman’s Syndrome (Intrauterine Adhesions)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Endometriosis
        • Menopause
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Menstrual Irregularities
        • Ovarian Cancer (Post-Chemotherapy)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Ovarian Insufficiency (Premature Ovarian Failure)
        • Pelvic Organ Prolapse
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
        • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
        • Recurrent Pregnancy Loss due to Uterine Factors
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)
        • Vaginal Atrophy and Scarring
      • Male Reproductive Organ Diseases
        • Andropause (Low Testosterone Level)
        • Azoospermia
        • Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS)
        • Chronic Prostatitis
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
        • Hypogonadism
        • Peyronie’s Disease (PD)
        • Prostate Cancer (Post-Surgery or Radiation Therapy)
    • Otolaryngologic or Ear, Nose, Throat and Thyroid Diseases
      • 13. Otolaryngologic or Ear, Nose, Throat and Thyroid Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Ear Disorders
        • Age-Related Hearing Loss (Presbycusis)
        • Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
        • Congenital Hearing Loss (CHL)
        • Labyrinthitis
        • Meniere’s Disease
        • Ototoxicity-Induced Hearing Loss (OIHL)
        • Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Tinnitus
        • Vestibular Neuronitis
      • Nose and Sinus Disorders
        • Allergic Rhinitis (AR)
        • Atrophic Rhinitis
        • Nasal Polyp
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
      • Throat and Upper Airway Disorders
        • Laryngeal Stenosis
        • Vocal Cord Paralysis or Scarring
      • Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
        • Grave’s Disease
        • Hashimoto Thyroiditis
        • Hyperthyroidism
        • Hypoparathyroidism
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Hypothyroidism
        • Post-Thyroidectomy Recovery
      • Other ENT Disorders
        • Adenoid Hypertrophy
        • Chronic Tonsillitis
        • Salivary Gland Disorders
    • Pituitary, Adrenal Glands, and Endocrine Diseases
      • 14. Pituitary, Adrenal Glands, Endocrine Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Pituitary Gland Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
        • Growth Hormone Deficiency
        • Hypopituitarism
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Pituitary Adenomas
      • Adrenal Gland Disorders
        • Addison’s Disease (AD)
        • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Cushing’s Syndrome
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Pheochromocytoma
      • General Endocrine Disorders
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells Hypothyroidism
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
        • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
    • Blood Disorders
      • 15. Blood Disorders, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Aplastic Anemia (AA)
      • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
      • Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
      • Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
      • Fanconi Anemia
      • Gaucher’s Disease
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Hemophilia
      • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
      • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
      • Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
      • Thalassemia
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
      • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
    • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
      • 16. Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases, Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Amyloidosis
      • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Chronic Pain Syndromes
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Fibromyalgia
      • Hemochromatosis
      • Long Covid Syndrome
      • Mold & Chronic Inflammatory Responses Syndrome (CIRS)
      • Muscular Dystrophy(MD)
      • Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)
      • Rhabdomyolysis
      • Sarcoidosis
      • Cellular Therapy and Stem Cells for Wilson’s disease
    • Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T and NK-T
      • Immunotherapies
        • Immunotherapies
        • CAR-T
        • NK-T
      • Hematologic Malignancies and Blood Cancers
        • Hematologic Malignancies and Blood Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Leukemia
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Lymphoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma (MM)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
      • Solid Organ Tumors and Cancers
        • Solid Organ Tumors and Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Adrenal Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Basal Cell Carcinoma of Skin
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Bladder Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Bone Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Brain Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Breast Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Cervical Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Cholangiocarcinoma
        • Choriocarcinoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Endometrial Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Esophageal Cancer
        • Germ Cell Tumor
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Gliomas
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Head and Neck Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Kidney Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Liver Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Lung Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for for Melanoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Mesothelioma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Neuroblastoma
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Neuroendocrine Tumors
        • Oral Cancer (Cancers of the mouth, throat (pharynx, larynx)
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Ovarian Cancers
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Pancreatic Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Prostate Cancer
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Spinal Cord Tumor
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of Skin
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for Thyroid Cancer
      • Allergic Conditions
      • Imaging
      • Tumor Markers
      • Palliative Care
      • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
        • Others Incurable and Untreatable Diseases
        • Cellular Immunotherapies for for HIV/AIDS
        • Long Covid Syndrome
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